diff --git a/libcxx/utils/ci/Dockerfile b/libcxx/utils/ci/Dockerfile
--- a/libcxx/utils/ci/Dockerfile
+++ b/libcxx/utils/ci/Dockerfile
@@ -116,6 +116,49 @@
 RUN bash /tmp/install-cmake.sh --prefix=/opt --exclude-subdir --skip-license
 RUN rm /tmp/install-cmake.sh
 
+# Install the Android platform tools (e.g. adb) into /opt/android/sdk.
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y unzip
+RUN mkdir -p /opt/android/sdk && cd /opt/android/sdk && \
+    curl -LO https://dl.google.com/android/repository/platform-tools-latest-linux.zip && \
+    unzip platform-tools-latest-linux.zip && \
+    rm platform-tools-latest-linux.zip
+
+# Install the current Android compiler.
+ENV ANDROID_CLANG_VERSION=r498229
+RUN git clone --filter=blob:none --sparse \
+        https://android.googlesource.com/platform/prebuilts/clang/host/linux-x86 \
+        /opt/android/clang && \
+    git -C /opt/android/clang sparse-checkout add clang-${ANDROID_CLANG_VERSION} && \
+    rm -fr /opt/android/clang/.git && \
+    ln -sf /opt/android/clang/clang-${ANDROID_CLANG_VERSION} /opt/android/clang/clang-current
+
+# Install an Android sysroot. New AOSP sysroots are available at
+# https://ci.android.com/builds/branches/aosp-master/grid, the "ndk" target. The
+# NDK also makes its sysroot prebuilt available at
+# https://android.googlesource.com/platform/prebuilts/ndk/+/refs/heads/dev/platform/sysroot.
+ENV ANDROID_SYSROOT_BID=10375398
+RUN cd /opt/android && \
+    curl -L -o ndk_platform.tar.bz2 \
+        https://androidbuildinternal.googleapis.com/android/internal/build/v3/builds/${ANDROID_SYSROOT_BID}/ndk/attempts/latest/artifacts/ndk_platform.tar.bz2/url && \
+    tar xf ndk_platform.tar.bz2 && \
+    rm ndk_platform.tar.bz2
+
+# Install Docker. Mark the binary setuid so it can be run without prefixing it
+# with sudo. Adding the container user to the docker group doesn't work because
+# /var/run/docker.sock is owned by the host's docker GID, not the container's
+# docker GID.
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y gpg && \
+    install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings && \
+    curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg && \
+    chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg && \
+    echo "deb [arch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)" signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
+         "$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")" stable" | \
+         tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null && \
+    apt-get update && apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin && \
+    chmod u+s /usr/bin/docker
+
+COPY ./container-setup.sh /opt/bin/container-setup.sh
+
 # Change the user to a non-root user, since some of the libc++ tests
 # (e.g. filesystem) require running as non-root. Also setup passwordless sudo.
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y sudo
@@ -124,6 +167,9 @@
 USER libcxx-builder
 WORKDIR /home/libcxx-builder
 
+# Add Android platform-tools to the PATH.
+ENV PATH="/opt/android/sdk/platform-tools:${PATH}"
+
 # Install the Buildkite agent and dependencies. This must be done as non-root
 # for the Buildkite agent to be installed in a path where we can find it.
 RUN bash -c "$(curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/buildkite/agent/main/install.sh)"
@@ -131,4 +177,4 @@
 RUN echo "tags=\"queue=libcxx-builders,arch=$(uname -m),os=linux\"" >> "/home/libcxx-builder/.buildkite-agent/buildkite-agent.cfg"
 
 # By default, start the Buildkite agent (this requires a token).
-CMD buildkite-agent start
+CMD /opt/bin/container-setup.sh && buildkite-agent start
diff --git a/libcxx/utils/ci/container-setup.sh b/libcxx/utils/ci/container-setup.sh
new file mode 100755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcxx/utils/ci/container-setup.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#===----------------------------------------------------------------------===##
+#
+# Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+# See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+#
+#===----------------------------------------------------------------------===##
+
+set -e
+
+# Different versions of adb can sometimes be incompatible (i.e. "adb server
+# version (nn) doesn't match this client (mm); killing..."). Ensure that the adb
+# in the main builder image matches that in the emulator by sharing the
+# platform-tools from the main image.
+if [ -d /mnt/android-platform-tools ]; then
+    sudo rm -fr /mnt/android-platform-tools/platform-tools
+    sudo cp -r /opt/android/sdk/platform-tools /mnt/android-platform-tools
+fi
diff --git a/libcxx/utils/ci/run-buildbot-container b/libcxx/utils/ci/run-buildbot-container
--- a/libcxx/utils/ci/run-buildbot-container
+++ b/libcxx/utils/ci/run-buildbot-container
@@ -21,11 +21,39 @@
 
 set -e
 
+SKIP_PULL=0
+while [[ ${#} -gt 0 ]]; do
+    case "${1}" in
+        --skip-pull) SKIP_PULL=1; shift ;;
+        *) echo "error: unrecognized argument: ${1}" >&2 ; exit 1 ;;
+    esac
+done
+
 MONOREPO_ROOT="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)"
 if [[ ! -d "${MONOREPO_ROOT}/libcxx/utils/ci" ]]; then
     echo "Was unable to find the root of the LLVM monorepo; are you running from within the monorepo?"
     exit 1
 fi
-docker pull ldionne/libcxx-builder
-docker run -it --volume "${MONOREPO_ROOT}:/llvm" --workdir "/llvm" --cap-add=SYS_PTRACE ldionne/libcxx-builder \
-    bash -c 'git config --global --add safe.directory /llvm ; exec bash'
+
+if [ ${SKIP_PULL} -eq 0 ]; then
+    docker pull ldionne/libcxx-builder
+fi
+
+DOCKER_OPTIONS=(-it)
+DOCKER_OPTIONS+=(--volume "${MONOREPO_ROOT}:/llvm")
+DOCKER_OPTIONS+=(--workdir "/llvm")
+DOCKER_OPTIONS+=(--cap-add=SYS_PTRACE)
+
+# Mount this volume to allow the main image to share its copy of the Android
+# platform tools with the emulator image, ensuring that the adb versions match.
+# This argument will create a new volume if it doesn't already exist.
+DOCKER_OPTIONS+=(--volume android-platform-tools:/mnt/android-platform-tools)
+
+# Pass through the Docker socket so that the buildbot can start a sibling
+# container running an Android emulator.
+if [ -S /var/run/docker.sock ]; then
+    DOCKER_OPTIONS+=(--volume /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock)
+fi
+
+docker run "${DOCKER_OPTIONS[@]}" ldionne/libcxx-builder \
+    bash -c 'git config --global --add safe.directory /llvm; (/opt/bin/container-setup.sh && exec bash)'