diff --git a/libcxx/include/__algorithm/iterator_operations.h b/libcxx/include/__algorithm/iterator_operations.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__algorithm/iterator_operations.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__algorithm/iterator_operations.h
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
 #include <__iterator/next.h>
 #include <__iterator/prev.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
 #include <__type_traits/enable_if.h>
 #include <__type_traits/is_reference.h>
 #include <__type_traits/is_same.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__algorithm/ranges_partial_sort.h b/libcxx/include/__algorithm/ranges_partial_sort.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__algorithm/ranges_partial_sort.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__algorithm/ranges_partial_sort.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #ifndef _LIBCPP___ALGORITHM_RANGES_PARTIAL_SORT_H
 #define _LIBCPP___ALGORITHM_RANGES_PARTIAL_SORT_H
 
+#include <__algorithm/in_out_result.h>
 #include <__algorithm/iterator_operations.h>
 #include <__algorithm/make_projected.h>
 #include <__algorithm/partial_sort.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__algorithm/ranges_partial_sort_copy.h b/libcxx/include/__algorithm/ranges_partial_sort_copy.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__algorithm/ranges_partial_sort_copy.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__algorithm/ranges_partial_sort_copy.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #ifndef _LIBCPP___ALGORITHM_RANGES_PARTIAL_SORT_COPY_H
 #define _LIBCPP___ALGORITHM_RANGES_PARTIAL_SORT_COPY_H
 
+#include <__algorithm/in_out_out_result.h>
 #include <__algorithm/in_out_result.h>
 #include <__algorithm/iterator_operations.h>
 #include <__algorithm/make_projected.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__algorithm/ranges_unique_copy.h b/libcxx/include/__algorithm/ranges_unique_copy.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__algorithm/ranges_unique_copy.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__algorithm/ranges_unique_copy.h
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #include <__iterator/concepts.h>
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
 #include <__iterator/projected.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
 #include <__ranges/access.h>
 #include <__ranges/concepts.h>
 #include <__ranges/dangling.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__chrono/high_resolution_clock.h b/libcxx/include/__chrono/high_resolution_clock.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__chrono/high_resolution_clock.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__chrono/high_resolution_clock.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 
 #include <__chrono/steady_clock.h>
 #include <__chrono/system_clock.h>
+#include <__chrono/time_point.h>
 #include <__config>
 
 #if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__filesystem/path.h b/libcxx/include/__filesystem/path.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__filesystem/path.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__filesystem/path.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <__algorithm/replace_copy.h>
 #include <__availability>
 #include <__config>
+#include <__functional/hash.h>
 #include <__functional/unary_function.h>
 #include <__fwd/hash.h>
 #include <__iterator/back_insert_iterator.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__format/format_context.h b/libcxx/include/__format/format_context.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__format/format_context.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__format/format_context.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 
 #ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_LOCALIZATION
+#include <__locale>
 #include <locale>
 #include <optional>
 #endif
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__format/format_functions.h b/libcxx/include/__format/format_functions.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__format/format_functions.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__format/format_functions.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 #include <__iterator/back_insert_iterator.h>
 #include <__iterator/concepts.h>
 #include <__iterator/incrementable_traits.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h> // iter_value_t
+#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h> // iter_value_t
 #include <__variant/monostate.h>
 #include <array>
 #include <string>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__format/format_string.h b/libcxx/include/__format/format_string.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__format/format_string.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__format/format_string.h
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #include <__config>
 #include <__format/format_error.h>
 #include <__iterator/concepts.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h> // iter_value_t
+#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h> // iter_value_t
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
 
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__format/formatter_output.h b/libcxx/include/__format/formatter_output.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__format/formatter_output.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__format/formatter_output.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 #include <__format/unicode.h>
 #include <__iterator/back_insert_iterator.h>
 #include <__iterator/concepts.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h> // iter_value_t
+#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h> // iter_value_t
 #include <__system_error/errc.h>
 #include <__type_traits/make_unsigned.h>
 #include <__utility/move.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__format/parser_std_format_spec.h b/libcxx/include/__format/parser_std_format_spec.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__format/parser_std_format_spec.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__format/parser_std_format_spec.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 #include <__format/unicode.h>
 #include <__format/width_estimation_table.h>
 #include <__iterator/concepts.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h> // iter_value_t
+#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h> // iter_value_t
 #include <__memory/addressof.h>
 #include <__type_traits/common_type.h>
 #include <__type_traits/is_trivially_copyable.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__format/unicode.h b/libcxx/include/__format/unicode.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__format/unicode.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__format/unicode.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #include <__config>
 #include <__format/extended_grapheme_cluster_table.h>
 #include <__iterator/concepts.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h> // iter_value_t
+#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h> // iter_value_t
 #include <__type_traits/make_unsigned.h>
 #include <__utility/unreachable.h>
 #include <string_view>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__iterator/common_iterator.h b/libcxx/include/__iterator/common_iterator.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__iterator/common_iterator.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__iterator/common_iterator.h
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 #include <__iterator/iter_move.h>
 #include <__iterator/iter_swap.h>
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
 #include <__memory/addressof.h>
 #include <__type_traits/is_pointer.h>
 #include <__utility/declval.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__iterator/concepts.h b/libcxx/include/__iterator/concepts.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__iterator/concepts.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__iterator/concepts.h
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 #include <__iterator/incrementable_traits.h>
 #include <__iterator/iter_move.h>
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
 #include <__memory/pointer_traits.h>
 #include <__type_traits/add_pointer.h>
 #include <__type_traits/common_reference.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__iterator/counted_iterator.h b/libcxx/include/__iterator/counted_iterator.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__iterator/counted_iterator.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__iterator/counted_iterator.h
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 #include <__iterator/iter_move.h>
 #include <__iterator/iter_swap.h>
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
 #include <__memory/pointer_traits.h>
 #include <__type_traits/add_pointer.h>
 #include <__type_traits/conditional.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__iterator/iter_swap.h b/libcxx/include/__iterator/iter_swap.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__iterator/iter_swap.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__iterator/iter_swap.h
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 #include <__iterator/concepts.h>
 #include <__iterator/iter_move.h>
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
 #include <__type_traits/remove_cvref.h>
 #include <__utility/declval.h>
 #include <__utility/forward.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__iterator/iterator_with_data.h b/libcxx/include/__iterator/iterator_with_data.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__iterator/iterator_with_data.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__iterator/iterator_with_data.h
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include <__iterator/iter_move.h>
 #include <__iterator/iter_swap.h>
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
 #include <__utility/move.h>
 
 #if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__iterator/move_iterator.h b/libcxx/include/__iterator/move_iterator.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__iterator/move_iterator.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__iterator/move_iterator.h
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 #include <__iterator/iter_swap.h>
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
 #include <__iterator/move_sentinel.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
 #include <__type_traits/conditional.h>
 #include <__type_traits/enable_if.h>
 #include <__type_traits/is_assignable.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__iterator/reverse_iterator.h b/libcxx/include/__iterator/reverse_iterator.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__iterator/reverse_iterator.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__iterator/reverse_iterator.h
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
 #include <__iterator/next.h>
 #include <__iterator/prev.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
 #include <__iterator/segmented_iterator.h>
 #include <__memory/addressof.h>
 #include <__ranges/access.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__memory/concepts.h b/libcxx/include/__memory/concepts.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__memory/concepts.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__memory/concepts.h
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@
 #include <__config>
 #include <__iterator/concepts.h>
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
 #include <__ranges/access.h>
 #include <__ranges/concepts.h>
 #include <__type_traits/is_reference.h>
 #include <__type_traits/remove_cvref.h>
+#include <__type_traits/remove_reference.h>
 
 #if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
 #  pragma GCC system_header
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__memory/ranges_construct_at.h b/libcxx/include/__memory/ranges_construct_at.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__memory/ranges_construct_at.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__memory/ranges_construct_at.h
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include <__concepts/destructible.h>
 #include <__config>
 #include <__iterator/incrementable_traits.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
+#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
 #include <__memory/concepts.h>
 #include <__memory/construct_at.h>
 #include <__ranges/access.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__memory/ranges_uninitialized_algorithms.h b/libcxx/include/__memory/ranges_uninitialized_algorithms.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__memory/ranges_uninitialized_algorithms.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__memory/ranges_uninitialized_algorithms.h
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include <__iterator/incrementable_traits.h>
 #include <__iterator/iter_move.h>
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
 #include <__memory/concepts.h>
 #include <__memory/uninitialized_algorithms.h>
 #include <__ranges/access.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__ranges/access.h b/libcxx/include/__ranges/access.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__ranges/access.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__ranges/access.h
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include <__concepts/class_or_enum.h>
 #include <__config>
 #include <__iterator/concepts.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
+#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
 #include <__ranges/enable_borrowed_range.h>
 #include <__type_traits/decay.h>
 #include <__type_traits/is_reference.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__ranges/all.h b/libcxx/include/__ranges/all.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__ranges/all.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__ranges/all.h
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #define _LIBCPP___RANGES_ALL_H
 
 #include <__config>
+#include <__functional/compose.h>
+#include <__functional/perfect_forward.h>
 #include <__iterator/concepts.h>
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
 #include <__ranges/access.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__ranges/concepts.h b/libcxx/include/__ranges/concepts.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__ranges/concepts.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__ranges/concepts.h
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #include <__iterator/incrementable_traits.h>
 #include <__iterator/iter_move.h>
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
 #include <__ranges/access.h>
 #include <__ranges/data.h>
 #include <__ranges/enable_borrowed_range.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__ranges/rbegin.h b/libcxx/include/__ranges/rbegin.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__ranges/rbegin.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__ranges/rbegin.h
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #include <__concepts/same_as.h>
 #include <__config>
 #include <__iterator/concepts.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
+#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
 #include <__iterator/reverse_iterator.h>
 #include <__ranges/access.h>
 #include <__type_traits/decay.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__ranges/rend.h b/libcxx/include/__ranges/rend.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__ranges/rend.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__ranges/rend.h
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #include <__concepts/same_as.h>
 #include <__config>
 #include <__iterator/concepts.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
+#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
 #include <__iterator/reverse_iterator.h>
 #include <__ranges/access.h>
 #include <__ranges/rbegin.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__ranges/transform_view.h b/libcxx/include/__ranges/transform_view.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__ranges/transform_view.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__ranges/transform_view.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <__config>
 #include <__functional/bind_back.h>
 #include <__functional/invoke.h>
+#include <__functional/perfect_forward.h>
 #include <__iterator/concepts.h>
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
 #include <__memory/addressof.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/__system_error/error_condition.h b/libcxx/include/__system_error/error_condition.h
--- a/libcxx/include/__system_error/error_condition.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/__system_error/error_condition.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 
 #include <__compare/ordering.h>
 #include <__config>
+#include <__functional/hash.h>
 #include <__functional/unary_function.h>
 #include <__system_error/errc.h>
 #include <__system_error/error_category.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/cwchar b/libcxx/include/cwchar
--- a/libcxx/include/cwchar
+++ b/libcxx/include/cwchar
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@
 #include <__type_traits/is_same.h>
 #include <__type_traits/remove_cv.h>
 #include <cwctype>
+#include <stdio.h>
 
 #include <wchar.h>
 
diff --git a/libcxx/include/iterator b/libcxx/include/iterator
--- a/libcxx/include/iterator
+++ b/libcxx/include/iterator
@@ -708,7 +708,6 @@
 #include <__iterator/permutable.h>
 #include <__iterator/prev.h>
 #include <__iterator/projected.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
 #include <__iterator/reverse_access.h>
 #include <__iterator/reverse_iterator.h>
 #include <__iterator/size.h>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/mdspan b/libcxx/include/mdspan
--- a/libcxx/include/mdspan
+++ b/libcxx/include/mdspan
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@
 
 #include <__config>
 #include <__mdspan/extents.h>
+#include <array>
+#include <span>
 
 #if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
 #  pragma GCC system_header
diff --git a/libcxx/include/module.modulemap.in b/libcxx/include/module.modulemap.in
--- a/libcxx/include/module.modulemap.in
+++ b/libcxx/include/module.modulemap.in
@@ -249,10 +249,16 @@
       module clamp                           { private header "__algorithm/clamp.h" }
       module comp                            { private header "__algorithm/comp.h" }
       module comp_ref_type                   { private header "__algorithm/comp_ref_type.h" }
-      module copy                            { private header "__algorithm/copy.h" }
+      module copy                            {
+        private header "__algorithm/copy.h"
+        export algorithm.__algorithm.copy_move_common
+      }
       module copy_backward                   { private header "__algorithm/copy_backward.h" }
       module copy_if                         { private header "__algorithm/copy_if.h" }
-      module copy_move_common                { private header "__algorithm/copy_move_common.h" }
+      module copy_move_common                {
+        private header "__algorithm/copy_move_common.h"
+        export type_traits.is_trivially_copyable
+      }
       module copy_n                          { private header "__algorithm/copy_n.h" }
       module count                           { private header "__algorithm/count.h" }
       module count_if                        { private header "__algorithm/count_if.h" }
@@ -640,12 +646,18 @@
       module sort_heap                       { private header "__algorithm/sort_heap.h" }
       module stable_partition                { private header "__algorithm/stable_partition.h" }
       module stable_sort                     { private header "__algorithm/stable_sort.h" }
-      module swap_ranges                     { private header "__algorithm/swap_ranges.h" }
+      module swap_ranges                     {
+        private header "__algorithm/swap_ranges.h"
+        export algorithm.__algorithm.iterator_operations
+      }
       module three_way_comp_ref_type         { private header "__algorithm/three_way_comp_ref_type.h" }
       module transform                       { private header "__algorithm/transform.h" }
       module unique                          { private header "__algorithm/unique.h" }
       module unique_copy                     { private header "__algorithm/unique_copy.h" }
-      module unwrap_iter                     { private header "__algorithm/unwrap_iter.h" }
+      module unwrap_iter                     {
+        private header "__algorithm/unwrap_iter.h"
+        export iterator.__iterator.iterator_traits
+      }
       module unwrap_range {
         private header "__algorithm/unwrap_range.h"
         export utility.__utility.pair
@@ -828,18 +840,27 @@
       module class_or_enum              { private header "__concepts/class_or_enum.h" }
       module common_reference_with      { private header "__concepts/common_reference_with.h" }
       module common_with                { private header "__concepts/common_with.h" }
-      module constructible              { private header "__concepts/constructible.h" }
+      module constructible              {
+        private header "__concepts/constructible.h"
+        export concepts.__concepts.destructible
+      }
       module convertible_to             { private header "__concepts/convertible_to.h" }
       module copyable                   { private header "__concepts/copyable.h" }
       module derived_from               { private header "__concepts/derived_from.h" }
-      module destructible               { private header "__concepts/destructible.h" }
+      module destructible               {
+        private header "__concepts/destructible.h"
+        export type_traits.is_nothrow_destructible
+      }
       module different_from             { private header "__concepts/different_from.h" }
       module equality_comparable {
         private header "__concepts/equality_comparable.h"
         export type_traits.common_reference
       }
       module invocable                  { private header "__concepts/invocable.h" }
-      module movable                    { private header "__concepts/movable.h" }
+      module movable                    {
+        private header "__concepts/movable.h"
+        export type_traits.is_object
+      }
       module predicate                  { private header "__concepts/predicate.h" }
       module regular                    { private header "__concepts/regular.h" }
       module relation                   { private header "__concepts/relation.h" }
@@ -994,23 +1015,34 @@
       module bind_front                 { private header "__functional/bind_front.h" }
       module binder1st                  { private header "__functional/binder1st.h" }
       module binder2nd                  { private header "__functional/binder2nd.h" }
-      module boyer_moore_searcher       { private header "__functional/boyer_moore_searcher.h" }
+      module boyer_moore_searcher       {
+        private header "__functional/boyer_moore_searcher.h"
+        export memory.__memory.shared_ptr
+      }
       module compose                    { private header "__functional/compose.h" }
       module default_searcher           { private header "__functional/default_searcher.h" }
       module function                   { private header "__functional/function.h" }
-      module hash                       { private header "__functional/hash.h" }
+      module hash                       {
+        private header "__functional/hash.h"
+        export compat.cstdint
+        export type_traits.underlying_type
+        export utility.__utility.pair
+      }
       module hash_fwd                   { private header "__fwd/hash.h" }
       module identity                   { private header "__functional/identity.h" }
       module invoke                     {
         private header "__functional/invoke.h"
-        export type_traits
+        export *
       }
       module is_transparent             { private header "__functional/is_transparent.h" }
       module mem_fn                     { private header "__functional/mem_fn.h" }
       module mem_fun_ref                { private header "__functional/mem_fun_ref.h" }
       module not_fn                     { private header "__functional/not_fn.h" }
       module operations                 { private header "__functional/operations.h" }
-      module perfect_forward            { private header "__functional/perfect_forward.h" }
+      module perfect_forward            {
+        private header "__functional/perfect_forward.h"
+        export *
+      }
       module pointer_to_binary_function { private header "__functional/pointer_to_binary_function.h" }
       module pointer_to_unary_function  { private header "__functional/pointer_to_unary_function.h" }
       module ranges_operations          { private header "__functional/ranges_operations.h" }
@@ -1084,13 +1116,20 @@
       module cpp17_iterator_concepts { private header "__iterator/cpp17_iterator_concepts.h" }
       module concepts {
         private header "__iterator/concepts.h"
-        export concepts.equality_comparable
+        export std.concepts.__concepts.constructible
+        export std.concepts.__concepts.equality_comparable
+        export std.concepts.__concepts.movable
         export type_traits.common_reference
+        export type_traits.is_reference
+        export type_traits.remove_cvref
       }
       module counted_iterator      { private header "__iterator/counted_iterator.h" }
       module data                  { private header "__iterator/data.h" }
       module default_sentinel      { private header "__iterator/default_sentinel.h" }
-      module distance              { private header "__iterator/distance.h" }
+      module distance              {
+        private header "__iterator/distance.h"
+        export ranges.__ranges.size
+      }
       module empty                 { private header "__iterator/empty.h" }
       module erase_if_container    { private header "__iterator/erase_if_container.h" }
       module front_insert_iterator { private header "__iterator/front_insert_iterator.h" }
@@ -1102,7 +1141,10 @@
       module iter_move             { private header "__iterator/iter_move.h" }
       module iter_swap             { private header "__iterator/iter_swap.h" }
       module iterator              { private header "__iterator/iterator.h" }
-      module iterator_traits       { private header "__iterator/iterator_traits.h" }
+      module iterator_traits       {
+        private header "__iterator/iterator_traits.h"
+        export type_traits.is_primary_template
+      }
       module iterator_with_data    { private header "__iterator/iterator_with_data.h" }
       module mergeable {
         private header "__iterator/mergeable.h"
@@ -1119,10 +1161,7 @@
       module permutable            { private header "__iterator/permutable.h" }
       module prev                  { private header "__iterator/prev.h" }
       module projected             { private header "__iterator/projected.h" }
-      module readable_traits       {
-        private header "__iterator/readable_traits.h"
-        export __iterator.iterator_traits
-      }
+      module readable_traits       { private textual header "__iterator/readable_traits.h" }
       module reverse_access        { private header "__iterator/reverse_access.h" }
       module reverse_iterator      { private header "__iterator/reverse_iterator.h" }
       module segmented_iterator    { private header "__iterator/segmented_iterator.h" }
@@ -1206,13 +1245,24 @@
         export algorithm.__algorithm.in_out_result
       }
       module raw_storage_iterator            { private header "__memory/raw_storage_iterator.h" }
-      module shared_ptr                      { private header "__memory/shared_ptr.h" }
+      module shared_ptr                      {
+        private header "__memory/shared_ptr.h"
+        export memory.__memory.uninitialized_algorithms
+      }
       module swap_allocator                  { private header "__memory/swap_allocator.h" }
       module temp_value                      { private header "__memory/temp_value.h" }
       module temporary_buffer                { private header "__memory/temporary_buffer.h" }
-      module uninitialized_algorithms        { private header "__memory/uninitialized_algorithms.h" }
+      module uninitialized_algorithms        {
+        private header "__memory/uninitialized_algorithms.h"
+        export algorithm.__algorithm.copy
+      }
       module uninitialized_buffer            { private header "__memory/uninitialized_buffer.h" }
-      module unique_ptr                      { private header "__memory/unique_ptr.h" }
+      module unique_ptr                      {
+        private header "__memory/unique_ptr.h"
+        export type_traits.add_lvalue_reference
+        export type_traits.is_pointer
+        export type_traits.type_identity
+      }
       module uses_allocator                  { private header "__memory/uses_allocator.h" }
       module uses_allocator_construction     { private header "__memory/uses_allocator_construction.h" }
       module voidify                         { private header "__memory/voidify.h" }
@@ -1357,7 +1407,10 @@
       }
       module as_rvalue_view             { private header "__ranges/as_rvalue_view.h" }
       module common_view                { private header "__ranges/common_view.h" }
-      module concepts                   { private header "__ranges/concepts.h" }
+      module concepts                   {
+        private header "__ranges/concepts.h"
+        export iterator.__iterator.concepts
+      }
       module container_compatible_range { private header "__ranges/container_compatible_range.h" }
       module copyable_box               { private header "__ranges/copyable_box.h" }
       module counted                    {
@@ -1390,13 +1443,19 @@
       module rend                       { private header "__ranges/rend.h" }
       module reverse_view               { private header "__ranges/reverse_view.h" }
       module single_view                { private header "__ranges/single_view.h" }
-      module size                       { private header "__ranges/size.h" }
+      module size                       {
+        private header "__ranges/size.h"
+        export type_traits.make_unsigned
+      }
       module split_view                 { private header "__ranges/split_view.h" }
       module subrange                   {
         private header "__ranges/subrange.h"
         export subrange_fwd
       }
-      module subrange_fwd               { private header "__fwd/subrange.h" }
+      module subrange_fwd               {
+        private header "__fwd/subrange.h"
+        export iterator.__iterator.concepts
+      }
       module take_view                  { private header "__ranges/take_view.h" }
       module take_while_view            { private header "__ranges/take_while_view.h" }
       module transform_view             {
@@ -1507,7 +1566,6 @@
   }
   module system_error {
     header "system_error"
-    export __errc
     export *
     module __system_error {
       module errc           { private header "__system_error/errc.h" }
@@ -1568,15 +1626,25 @@
     module aligned_storage                           { private header "__type_traits/aligned_storage.h" }
     module aligned_union                             { private header "__type_traits/aligned_union.h" }
     module alignment_of                              { private header "__type_traits/alignment_of.h" }
-    module apply_cv                                  { private header "__type_traits/apply_cv.h" }
+    module apply_cv                                  {
+      private header "__type_traits/apply_cv.h"
+      export is_const
+      export is_volatile
+    }
     module can_extract_key                           { private header "__type_traits/can_extract_key.h" }
     module common_reference                          { private header "__type_traits/common_reference.h" }
-    module common_type                               { private header "__type_traits/common_type.h" }
+    module common_type                               {
+      private header "__type_traits/common_type.h"
+      export utility.__utility.declval
+    }
     module conditional                               { private header "__type_traits/conditional.h" }
     module conjunction                               { private header "__type_traits/conjunction.h" }
     module copy_cv                                   { private header "__type_traits/copy_cv.h" }
     module copy_cvref                                { private header "__type_traits/copy_cvref.h" }
-    module decay                                     { private header "__type_traits/decay.h" }
+    module decay                                     {
+      private header "__type_traits/decay.h"
+      export add_pointer
+    }
     module dependent_type                            { private header "__type_traits/dependent_type.h" }
     module disjunction                               { private header "__type_traits/disjunction.h" }
     module enable_if                                 { private header "__type_traits/enable_if.h" }
@@ -1584,7 +1652,16 @@
     module has_unique_object_representation          { private header "__type_traits/has_unique_object_representation.h" }
     module has_virtual_destructor                    { private header "__type_traits/has_virtual_destructor.h" }
     module integral_constant                         { private header "__type_traits/integral_constant.h" }
-    module invoke                                    { private header "__type_traits/invoke.h" }
+    module invoke                                    {
+      private header "__type_traits/invoke.h"
+      export conditional
+      export decay
+      export is_base_of
+      export is_core_convertible
+      export is_reference_wrapper
+      export is_void
+      export remove_cv
+    }
     module is_abstract                               { private header "__type_traits/is_abstract.h" }
     module is_aggregate                              { private header "__type_traits/is_aggregate.h" }
     module is_allocator                              { private header "__type_traits/is_allocator.h" }
@@ -1607,7 +1684,10 @@
     module is_const                                  { private header "__type_traits/is_const.h" }
     module is_constant_evaluated                     { private header "__type_traits/is_constant_evaluated.h" }
     module is_constructible                          { private header "__type_traits/is_constructible.h" }
-    module is_convertible                            { private header "__type_traits/is_convertible.h" }
+    module is_convertible                            {
+      private header "__type_traits/is_convertible.h"
+      export is_array
+    }
     module is_copy_assignable                        { private header "__type_traits/is_copy_assignable.h" }
     module is_copy_constructible                     { private header "__type_traits/is_copy_constructible.h" }
     module is_core_convertible                       {
@@ -1644,15 +1724,27 @@
     module is_nothrow_copy_assignable                { private header "__type_traits/is_nothrow_copy_assignable.h" }
     module is_nothrow_copy_constructible             { private header "__type_traits/is_nothrow_copy_constructible.h" }
     module is_nothrow_default_constructible          { private header "__type_traits/is_nothrow_default_constructible.h" }
-    module is_nothrow_destructible                   { private header "__type_traits/is_nothrow_destructible.h" }
+    module is_nothrow_destructible                   {
+      private header "__type_traits/is_nothrow_destructible.h"
+      export type_traits.is_destructible
+    }
     module is_nothrow_move_assignable                { private header "__type_traits/is_nothrow_move_assignable.h" }
-    module is_nothrow_move_constructible             { private header "__type_traits/is_nothrow_move_constructible.h" }
+    module is_nothrow_move_constructible             {
+      private header "__type_traits/is_nothrow_move_constructible.h"
+      export type_traits.is_nothrow_constructible
+    }
     module is_null_pointer                           { private header "__type_traits/is_null_pointer.h" }
-    module is_object                                 { private header "__type_traits/is_object.h" }
+    module is_object                                 {
+      private header "__type_traits/is_object.h"
+      export type_traits.is_scalar
+    }
     module is_pod                                    { private header "__type_traits/is_pod.h" }
     module is_pointer                                { private header "__type_traits/is_pointer.h" }
     module is_polymorphic                            { private header "__type_traits/is_polymorphic.h" }
-    module is_primary_template                       { private header "__type_traits/is_primary_template.h" }
+    module is_primary_template                       {
+      private header "__type_traits/is_primary_template.h"
+      export type_traits.enable_if
+    }
     module is_reference                              { private header "__type_traits/is_reference.h" }
     module is_reference_wrapper                      { private header "__type_traits/is_reference_wrapper.h" }
     module is_referenceable                          { private header "__type_traits/is_referenceable.h" }
@@ -1666,7 +1758,10 @@
     module is_signed_integer                         { private header "__type_traits/is_signed_integer.h" }
     module is_specialization                         { private header "__type_traits/is_specialization.h" }
     module is_standard_layout                        { private header "__type_traits/is_standard_layout.h" }
-    module is_swappable                              { private header "__type_traits/is_swappable.h" }
+    module is_swappable                              {
+      private header "__type_traits/is_swappable.h"
+      export type_traits.is_move_constructible
+    }
     module is_trivial                                { private header "__type_traits/is_trivial.h" }
     module is_trivially_assignable                   { private header "__type_traits/is_trivially_assignable.h" }
     module is_trivially_constructible                { private header "__type_traits/is_trivially_constructible.h" }
@@ -1692,7 +1787,10 @@
     module make_32_64_or_128_bit                     { private header "__type_traits/make_32_64_or_128_bit.h" }
     module make_const_lvalue_ref                     { private header "__type_traits/make_const_lvalue_ref.h" }
     module make_signed                               { private header "__type_traits/make_signed.h" }
-    module make_unsigned                             { private header "__type_traits/make_unsigned.h" }
+    module make_unsigned                             {
+      private header "__type_traits/make_unsigned.h"
+      export type_traits.is_unsigned
+    }
     module maybe_const                               { private header "__type_traits/maybe_const.h" }
     module nat                                       { private header "__type_traits/nat.h" }
     module negation                                  { private header "__type_traits/negation.h" }
@@ -1704,7 +1802,11 @@
     module remove_all_extents                        { private header "__type_traits/remove_all_extents.h" }
     module remove_const                              { private header "__type_traits/remove_const.h" }
     module remove_const_ref                          { private header "__type_traits/remove_const_ref.h" }
-    module remove_cv                                 { private header "__type_traits/remove_cv.h" }
+    module remove_cv                                 {
+      private header "__type_traits/remove_cv.h"
+      export type_traits.remove_const
+      export type_traits.remove_volatile
+    }
     module remove_cvref                              { private header "__type_traits/remove_cvref.h" }
     module remove_extent                             { private header "__type_traits/remove_extent.h" }
     module remove_pointer                            { private header "__type_traits/remove_pointer.h" }
@@ -1716,8 +1818,7 @@
     module type_list                                 { private header "__type_traits/type_list.h" }
     module underlying_type                           {
       private header "__type_traits/underlying_type.h"
-
-      export type_traits
+      export type_traits.is_enum
     }
     module unwrap_ref                                { private header "__type_traits/unwrap_ref.h" }
     module void_t                                    { private header "__type_traits/void_t.h" }
@@ -1751,7 +1852,10 @@
         private header "__utility/auto_cast.h"
         export type_traits.decay
       }
-      module cmp                    { private header "__utility/cmp.h" }
+      module cmp                    {
+        private header "__utility/cmp.h"
+        export type_traits.make_unsigned
+      }
       module convert_to_integral    { private header "__utility/convert_to_integral.h" }
       module declval                { private header "__utility/declval.h" }
       module exception_guard        { private header "__utility/exception_guard.h" }
@@ -1761,13 +1865,32 @@
       module in_place               { private header "__utility/in_place.h" }
       module integer_sequence       { private header "__utility/integer_sequence.h" }
       module is_pointer_in_range    { private header "__utility/is_pointer_in_range.h" }
-      module move                   { private header "__utility/move.h" }
-      module pair                   { private header "__utility/pair.h" }
+      module move                   {
+        private header "__utility/move.h"
+        export type_traits.is_copy_constructible
+        export type_traits.is_nothrow_move_constructible
+        export type_traits.remove_reference
+      }
+      module pair                   {
+        private header "__utility/pair.h"
+        export ranges.__ranges.subrange_fwd
+        export type_traits.is_assignable
+        export type_traits.is_constructible
+        export type_traits.is_convertible
+        export type_traits.is_copy_assignable
+        export type_traits.is_move_assignable
+        export type_traits.is_nothrow_copy_constructible
+        export type_traits.is_nothrow_default_constructible
+        export type_traits.is_nothrow_move_assignable
+      }
       module pair_fwd               { private header "__fwd/pair.h" }
       module piecewise_construct    { private header "__utility/piecewise_construct.h" }
       module priority_tag           { private header "__utility/priority_tag.h" }
       module rel_ops                { private header "__utility/rel_ops.h" }
-      module swap                   { private header "__utility/swap.h" }
+      module swap                   {
+        private header "__utility/swap.h"
+        export type_traits.is_swappable
+      }
       module terminate_on_exception { private header "__utility/terminate_on_exception.h" }
       module to_underlying          { private header "__utility/to_underlying.h" }
       module unreachable            { private header "__utility/unreachable.h" }
@@ -1873,10 +1996,6 @@
       header "experimental/set"
       export *
     }
-    module span {
-      header "span"
-      export *
-    }
     module string {
       header "experimental/string"
       export *
diff --git a/libcxx/include/string_view b/libcxx/include/string_view
--- a/libcxx/include/string_view
+++ b/libcxx/include/string_view
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@
 #include <__fwd/string_view.h>
 #include <__iterator/bounded_iter.h>
 #include <__iterator/concepts.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
+#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
 #include <__iterator/reverse_iterator.h>
 #include <__memory/pointer_traits.h>
 #include <__ranges/concepts.h>
@@ -228,6 +228,7 @@
 #include <__type_traits/remove_reference.h>
 #include <__type_traits/type_identity.h>
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <initializer_list>
 #include <iosfwd>
 #include <limits>
 #include <stdexcept>
diff --git a/libcxx/include/tgmath.h b/libcxx/include/tgmath.h
--- a/libcxx/include/tgmath.h
+++ b/libcxx/include/tgmath.h
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
+#  include <ccomplex>
+#  include <cmath>
 #  include <ctgmath>
 #else
 #  if __has_include_next(<tgmath.h>)
diff --git a/libcxx/test/libcxx/algorithms/pstl.robust_against_customization_points_not_working.pass.cpp b/libcxx/test/libcxx/algorithms/pstl.robust_against_customization_points_not_working.pass.cpp
--- a/libcxx/test/libcxx/algorithms/pstl.robust_against_customization_points_not_working.pass.cpp
+++ b/libcxx/test/libcxx/algorithms/pstl.robust_against_customization_points_not_working.pass.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 #include <__config>
 #include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
-#include <__iterator/readable_traits.h>
 #include <cassert>
 
 struct TestPolicy {};
diff --git a/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx03.csv b/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx03.csv
--- a/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx03.csv
+++ b/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx03.csv
@@ -285,6 +285,7 @@
 filesystem cstddef
 filesystem cstdint
 filesystem cstdlib
+filesystem cstring
 filesystem ctime
 filesystem iomanip
 filesystem iosfwd
@@ -298,13 +299,18 @@
 filesystem type_traits
 filesystem version
 format array
+format cctype
+format clocale
 format cmath
 format cstddef
 format cstdint
 format cstdlib
+format cstring
+format cwchar
 format initializer_list
 format limits
 format locale
+format mutex
 format optional
 format queue
 format stack
diff --git a/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx11.csv b/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx11.csv
--- a/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx11.csv
+++ b/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx11.csv
@@ -285,6 +285,7 @@
 filesystem cstddef
 filesystem cstdint
 filesystem cstdlib
+filesystem cstring
 filesystem ctime
 filesystem iomanip
 filesystem iosfwd
@@ -298,13 +299,18 @@
 filesystem type_traits
 filesystem version
 format array
+format cctype
+format clocale
 format cmath
 format cstddef
 format cstdint
 format cstdlib
+format cstring
+format cwchar
 format initializer_list
 format limits
 format locale
+format mutex
 format optional
 format queue
 format stack
diff --git a/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx14.csv b/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx14.csv
--- a/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx14.csv
+++ b/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx14.csv
@@ -287,6 +287,7 @@
 filesystem cstddef
 filesystem cstdint
 filesystem cstdlib
+filesystem cstring
 filesystem ctime
 filesystem iomanip
 filesystem iosfwd
@@ -300,13 +301,18 @@
 filesystem type_traits
 filesystem version
 format array
+format cctype
+format clocale
 format cmath
 format cstddef
 format cstdint
 format cstdlib
+format cstring
+format cwchar
 format initializer_list
 format limits
 format locale
+format mutex
 format optional
 format queue
 format stack
diff --git a/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx17.csv b/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx17.csv
--- a/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx17.csv
+++ b/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx17.csv
@@ -287,6 +287,7 @@
 filesystem cstddef
 filesystem cstdint
 filesystem cstdlib
+filesystem cstring
 filesystem ctime
 filesystem iomanip
 filesystem iosfwd
@@ -300,13 +301,18 @@
 filesystem type_traits
 filesystem version
 format array
+format cctype
+format clocale
 format cmath
 format cstddef
 format cstdint
 format cstdlib
+format cstring
+format cwchar
 format initializer_list
 format limits
 format locale
+format mutex
 format optional
 format queue
 format stack
diff --git a/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx20.csv b/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx20.csv
--- a/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx20.csv
+++ b/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx20.csv
@@ -111,7 +111,9 @@
 charconv type_traits
 chrono array
 chrono bit
+chrono cctype
 chrono charconv
+chrono clocale
 chrono cmath
 chrono compare
 chrono concepts
@@ -120,8 +122,10 @@
 chrono cstdlib
 chrono cstring
 chrono ctime
+chrono cwchar
 chrono limits
 chrono locale
+chrono mutex
 chrono optional
 chrono ostream
 chrono ratio
@@ -294,6 +298,7 @@
 filesystem cstddef
 filesystem cstdint
 filesystem cstdlib
+filesystem cstring
 filesystem ctime
 filesystem iomanip
 filesystem iosfwd
@@ -307,13 +312,18 @@
 filesystem type_traits
 filesystem version
 format array
+format cctype
+format clocale
 format cmath
 format cstddef
 format cstdint
 format cstdlib
+format cstring
+format cwchar
 format initializer_list
 format limits
 format locale
+format mutex
 format optional
 format queue
 format stack
diff --git a/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx23.csv b/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx23.csv
--- a/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx23.csv
+++ b/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx23.csv
@@ -65,15 +65,20 @@
 charconv initializer_list
 charconv limits
 chrono array
+chrono cctype
+chrono clocale
 chrono cmath
 chrono compare
 chrono cstddef
 chrono cstdint
 chrono cstdlib
+chrono cstring
 chrono ctime
+chrono cwchar
 chrono initializer_list
 chrono limits
 chrono locale
+chrono mutex
 chrono new
 chrono optional
 chrono ostream
@@ -191,6 +196,7 @@
 filesystem compare
 filesystem cstddef
 filesystem cstdint
+filesystem cstring
 filesystem ctime
 filesystem iomanip
 filesystem iosfwd
@@ -202,13 +208,18 @@
 filesystem string_view
 filesystem version
 format array
+format cctype
+format clocale
 format cmath
 format cstddef
 format cstdint
 format cstdlib
+format cstring
+format cwchar
 format initializer_list
 format limits
 format locale
+format mutex
 format new
 format optional
 format queue
diff --git a/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx26.csv b/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx26.csv
--- a/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx26.csv
+++ b/libcxx/test/libcxx/transitive_includes/cxx26.csv
@@ -65,15 +65,20 @@
 charconv initializer_list
 charconv limits
 chrono array
+chrono cctype
+chrono clocale
 chrono cmath
 chrono compare
 chrono cstddef
 chrono cstdint
 chrono cstdlib
+chrono cstring
 chrono ctime
+chrono cwchar
 chrono initializer_list
 chrono limits
 chrono locale
+chrono mutex
 chrono new
 chrono optional
 chrono ostream
@@ -191,6 +196,7 @@
 filesystem compare
 filesystem cstddef
 filesystem cstdint
+filesystem cstring
 filesystem ctime
 filesystem iomanip
 filesystem iosfwd
@@ -202,13 +208,18 @@
 filesystem string_view
 filesystem version
 format array
+format cctype
+format clocale
 format cmath
 format cstddef
 format cstdint
 format cstdlib
+format cstring
+format cwchar
 format initializer_list
 format limits
 format locale
+format mutex
 format new
 format optional
 format queue
diff --git a/libcxx/utils/find_transitive_includes.py b/libcxx/utils/find_transitive_includes.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcxx/utils/find_transitive_includes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+#===----------------------------------------------------------------------===##
+#
+# Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+# See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+#
+#===----------------------------------------------------------------------===##
+
+import argparse
+import os
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import typing
+
+# Finds include paths to a header that are present in all C++ versions.
+def main() -> None:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    source_group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group(required=True)
+    source_group.add_argument('--source-file')
+    source_group.add_argument('--start-header')
+    parser.add_argument('--header', required=True)
+    parser.add_argument('--libcxx-include-directory', required=True)
+    parser.add_argument('--libcxx-include-target-directory')
+    parser.add_argument('--cxx-compiler', required=True)
+    parser.add_argument('--target')
+    parser.add_argument('--isysroot')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    source_file_path = args.source_file
+    delete_source = False
+    if args.start_header:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w', suffix='.cpp', delete=False) as source_file:
+            source_file.write('#include <')
+            source_file.write(args.start_header)
+            source_file.write('>\n')
+            source_file_path = source_file.name
+        delete_source = True
+
+    direct_includes = build_include_tree(args.cxx_compiler, args.target, args.isysroot, args.libcxx_include_directory, args.libcxx_include_target_directory, source_file_path)
+    if delete_source:
+        os.remove(source_file_path)
+
+    include_paths = find_include_paths(direct_includes, args.header)
+    if args.start_header:
+        print('Include paths from <', args.start_header, '> to <', args.header, '>', sep='')
+    else:
+        print('Include paths from "', args.source_file, '" to <', args.header, '>', sep='')
+    print_include_paths(include_paths)
+
+def build_include_tree(cxx_compiler: str, target: typing.Optional[str], isysroot: typing.Optional[str], libcxx_include_directory: str, libcxx_include_target_directory: typing.Optional[str], source_file_path: str) -> set['Header']:
+    headers = None # header objects keyed by path
+    direct_includes = None # set of the headers directly included by source_file_path
+    # includes vary by standard, so all standards need to be run, and the includes intersected.
+    for standard in ['c++98', 'c++11', 'c++14', 'c++17', 'c++20', 'c++2b']:
+        cxx_command = [cxx_compiler]
+        if target:
+            cxx_command += ['-target', target]
+        if isysroot:
+            cxx_command += ['-isysroot', isysroot]
+        cxx_command += ['-E', '-H', '-fshow-skipped-includes']
+        cxx_command.append('-std=' + standard)
+        cxx_command.append('-nostdinc++')
+        cxx_command += ['-cxx-isystem', libcxx_include_directory]
+        if libcxx_include_target_directory:
+            cxx_command += ['-cxx-isystem', libcxx_include_target_directory]
+        cxx_command.append('-w')
+        cxx_command.append(source_file_path)
+
+        # Don't require the command to succeed, some of the unit test sources will fail for C++98/C++03.
+        # It should be fine, they include the libc++ headers first and the necessary output is still produced.
+        includes = subprocess.run(cxx_command, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True).stderr
+
+        # Consider 'a' that includes 'b' and 'c', 'b' that includes 'c', and 'c' that includes
+        # nothing. All three headers have header guards. For an input file that includes all three,
+        # -H -fshow-skipped-includes will look like this.
+        # . /a
+        # .. /b
+        # ... /c
+        # .. /c
+        # . /b
+        # . /c
+        # The last three lines are skipped includes - a's include of c is skipped because c has already
+        # been seen via b, and same with the input file's includes of b and c that have already been seen
+        # via a and b. Skipped includes do not re-list any of their includes, which is why there isn't a
+        # ".. /c" under ". /b". The first time a header is seen, it will show all of its direct includes
+        # and potentially some of its transitive includes. Headers without header guards are not skipped,
+        # and can have different includes depending on the context.
+        header_stack = [] # list of tuples (level, path)
+        current_headers = {} # header objects keyed by path
+        current_direct_includes = set()
+        for line in includes.splitlines():
+            if not line.startswith('.'):
+                continue
+
+            dots, include = line.split(' ', maxsplit=1)
+            level = len(dots)
+            current_header = current_headers.setdefault(include, Header(include, libcxx_include_directory))
+
+            while header_stack and (level <= header_stack[-1][0]):
+                del header_stack[-1]
+
+            if header_stack:
+                parent_header = header_stack[-1][1]
+                parent_header.included_headers.add(current_header)
+
+            header_stack.append((level, current_header))
+            if level == 1:
+                current_direct_includes.add(current_header)
+
+        if not headers:
+            headers = current_headers
+        else:
+            # The goal of this script is to find include paths from the source to the
+            # target header that are present in all configurations so that the appropriate
+            # `export` statements can be added to the module map. Intersect the includes
+            # from all of the standards so that the export chains will make the connection
+            # in all standard versions.
+            for path, current_header in current_headers.items():
+                matching_header = headers.get(path)
+                if matching_header:
+                    matching_header.included_headers &= current_header.included_headers
+            
+        if not direct_includes:
+            direct_includes = current_direct_includes
+        else:
+            direct_includes &= current_direct_includes
+
+    return direct_includes
+
+def find_include_paths(direct_includes: set['Header'], header: str) -> list[tuple['Header']]:
+    include_paths = []
+    headers_to_ignore = set()
+    for direct_include in direct_includes:
+        includes = direct_include.included_headers
+        includes_to_follow = [includes.copy()] if includes else []
+        include_path = [direct_include]
+        
+        while includes_to_follow:
+            selected_header = includes_to_follow[-1].pop()
+            include_path.append(selected_header)
+
+            selected_header_includes_to_follow = {}
+            if selected_header.libxcxx_include_relative_path == header:
+                include_paths.append(tuple(include_path))
+            else:
+                selected_header_includes = selected_header.included_headers
+                selected_header_includes_to_follow = selected_header_includes.difference(include_path) - headers_to_ignore
+                if not selected_header_includes_to_follow:
+                    # 1. This header has no includes.
+                    # 2. This header only includes things that are already in the current
+                    #    include path (i.e. cyclical includes)
+                    # Add the header to the list of headers that can be ignored from now
+                    # on.
+                    # 3. If a later header only includes ignored headers, then the later
+                    #    header can also be ignored.
+                    headers_to_ignore.add(selected_header)
+
+            if selected_header_includes_to_follow:
+                includes_to_follow.append(selected_header_includes_to_follow)
+            else:
+                # Hit the end of the include path, peel back a level.
+                del include_path[-1]
+
+                # Peel back the completed levels.
+                while includes_to_follow and not includes_to_follow[-1]:
+                    del includes_to_follow[-1]
+                    del include_path[-1]
+    return include_paths
+
+def print_include_paths(include_paths: list[tuple['Header']]) -> None:
+    def include_path_sort_key(include_path: tuple['Header']) -> tuple[int, tuple['Header']]:
+        # This script is intended to add module exports to mirror includes, usually
+        # to bridge from one private header to another. Prefer the path with the least
+        # number of public headers so that private headers don't export a large API
+        # surface. Then prefer the shortest path to add the minimum number of exports,
+        # and finally fall back on a regular sort.
+        public_header_count = 0
+        for header in include_path:
+            if not header.is_private_libcxx_header:
+                public_header_count += 1
+        return (public_header_count, len(include_path), include_path)
+
+    for include_path in sorted(include_paths, key=include_path_sort_key):
+        for include in include_path:
+            if include.is_libxx_header:
+                print(include.libxcxx_include_relative_path)
+            else:
+                print(include.path)
+        print()
+
+class Header:
+    def __init__(self, path: str, libcxx_include_directory: str) -> None:
+        self.path = path
+        if os.path.commonpath([path, libcxx_include_directory]) == libcxx_include_directory:
+            self.is_libxx_header = True
+            self.libxcxx_include_relative_path = os.path.relpath(path, libcxx_include_directory)
+            self.is_private_libcxx_header = self.libxcxx_include_relative_path.startswith('__')
+        else:
+            self.is_libxx_header = False
+            self.libxcxx_include_relative_path = ''
+            self.is_private_libcxx_header = False
+
+        self.included_headers = set()
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f'<{type(self).__name__} {self.path}>'
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.path)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
+        return self.path == other.path
+
+    def __ne__(self, other) -> bool:
+        return self.path != other.path
+
+    def __lt__(self, other) -> bool:
+        return self.path < other.path
+
+    def __le__(self, other) -> bool:
+        return self.path <= other.path
+
+    def __gt__(self, other) -> bool:
+        return self.path > other.path
+
+    def __ge__(self, other) -> bool:
+        return self.path >= other.path
+
+main()
diff --git a/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/header_information.py b/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/header_information.py
--- a/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/header_information.py
+++ b/libcxx/utils/libcxx/test/header_information.py
@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@
     "__verbose_abort",
 ]
 
+private_textual_headers = frozenset((
+    "__config",
+    "__iterator/readable_traits.h",
+))
+
 # This table was produced manually, by grepping the TeX source of the Standard's
 # library clauses for the string "#include". Each header's synopsis contains
 # explicit "#include" directives for its mandatory inclusions.
@@ -140,4 +145,8 @@
     p.relative_to(include).as_posix() for p in include.rglob("*") if is_header(p)
                                                                      and str(p.relative_to(include)).startswith("__")
                                                                      and not p.name.startswith("pstl")
+                                                                     # Textual headers shouldn't be included directly
+                                                                     # (they're typically part of another header that
+                                                                     # was split out just for organization).
+                                                                     and str(p.relative_to(include)) not in private_textual_headers
 )