diff --git a/clang/lib/Format/FormatToken.h b/clang/lib/Format/FormatToken.h
--- a/clang/lib/Format/FormatToken.h
+++ b/clang/lib/Format/FormatToken.h
@@ -418,6 +418,12 @@
   /// and thereby e.g. leave an empty line between two function definitions.
   unsigned NewlinesBefore = 0;
 
+  /// The number of newlines immediately before the \c Token after formatting.
+  ///
+  /// This is used to avoid overlapping whitespace replacements when \c Newlines
+  /// is recomputed for a finalized preprocessor branching directive.
+  int Newlines = -1;
+
   /// The offset just past the last '\n' in this token's leading
   /// whitespace (relative to \c WhiteSpaceStart). 0 if there is no '\n'.
   unsigned LastNewlineOffset = 0;
diff --git a/clang/lib/Format/UnwrappedLineFormatter.cpp b/clang/lib/Format/UnwrappedLineFormatter.cpp
--- a/clang/lib/Format/UnwrappedLineFormatter.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Format/UnwrappedLineFormatter.cpp
@@ -1418,22 +1418,13 @@
   return Penalty;
 }
 
-void UnwrappedLineFormatter::formatFirstToken(
-    const AnnotatedLine &Line, const AnnotatedLine *PreviousLine,
-    const AnnotatedLine *PrevPrevLine,
-    const SmallVectorImpl<AnnotatedLine *> &Lines, unsigned Indent,
-    unsigned NewlineIndent) {
-  FormatToken &RootToken = *Line.First;
-  if (RootToken.is(tok::eof)) {
-    unsigned Newlines =
-        std::min(RootToken.NewlinesBefore,
-                 Style.KeepEmptyLinesAtEOF ? Style.MaxEmptyLinesToKeep + 1 : 1);
-    unsigned TokenIndent = Newlines ? NewlineIndent : 0;
-    Whitespaces->replaceWhitespace(RootToken, Newlines, TokenIndent,
-                                   TokenIndent);
-    return;
-  }
-  unsigned Newlines =
+static auto computeNewlines(const AnnotatedLine &Line,
+                            const AnnotatedLine *PreviousLine,
+                            const AnnotatedLine *PrevPrevLine,
+                            const SmallVectorImpl<AnnotatedLine *> &Lines,
+                            const FormatStyle &Style) {
+  const auto &RootToken = *Line.First;
+  auto Newlines =
       std::min(RootToken.NewlinesBefore, Style.MaxEmptyLinesToKeep + 1);
   // Remove empty lines before "}" where applicable.
   if (RootToken.is(tok::r_brace) &&
@@ -1512,7 +1503,32 @@
     }
   }
 
-  if (Newlines)
+  return Newlines;
+}
+
+void UnwrappedLineFormatter::formatFirstToken(
+    const AnnotatedLine &Line, const AnnotatedLine *PreviousLine,
+    const AnnotatedLine *PrevPrevLine,
+    const SmallVectorImpl<AnnotatedLine *> &Lines, unsigned Indent,
+    unsigned NewlineIndent) {
+  FormatToken &RootToken = *Line.First;
+  if (RootToken.is(tok::eof)) {
+    unsigned Newlines =
+        std::min(RootToken.NewlinesBefore,
+                 Style.KeepEmptyLinesAtEOF ? Style.MaxEmptyLinesToKeep + 1 : 1);
+    unsigned TokenIndent = Newlines ? NewlineIndent : 0;
+    Whitespaces->replaceWhitespace(RootToken, Newlines, TokenIndent,
+                                   TokenIndent);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (RootToken.Newlines < 0) {
+    RootToken.Newlines =
+        computeNewlines(Line, PreviousLine, PrevPrevLine, Lines, Style);
+    assert(RootToken.Newlines >= 0);
+  }
+
+  if (RootToken.Newlines > 0)
     Indent = NewlineIndent;
 
   // Preprocessor directives get indented before the hash only if specified. In
@@ -1524,7 +1540,7 @@
     Indent = 0;
   }
 
-  Whitespaces->replaceWhitespace(RootToken, Newlines, Indent, Indent,
+  Whitespaces->replaceWhitespace(RootToken, RootToken.Newlines, Indent, Indent,
                                  /*IsAligned=*/false,
                                  Line.InPPDirective &&
                                      !RootToken.HasUnescapedNewline);
diff --git a/clang/unittests/Format/FormatTest.cpp b/clang/unittests/Format/FormatTest.cpp
--- a/clang/unittests/Format/FormatTest.cpp
+++ b/clang/unittests/Format/FormatTest.cpp
@@ -12841,6 +12841,64 @@
                "  void f() {}\n"
                "};\n",
                Style);
+  verifyNoChange("struct foo {\n"
+                 "#ifdef FOO\n"
+                 "#else\n"
+                 "private:\n"
+                 "\n"
+                 "#endif\n"
+                 "};",
+                 Style);
+  verifyFormat("struct foo {\n"
+               "#ifdef FOO\n"
+               "#else\n"
+               "private:\n"
+               "\n"
+               "#endif\n"
+               "};",
+               "struct foo {\n"
+               "#ifdef FOO\n"
+               "#else\n"
+               "private:\n"
+               "\n"
+               "\n"
+               "#endif\n"
+               "};",
+               Style);
+  verifyFormat("struct foo {\n"
+               "#ifdef FOO\n"
+               "private:\n"
+               "#else\n"
+               "#endif\n"
+               "};",
+               "struct foo {\n"
+               "#ifdef FOO\n"
+               "private:\n"
+               "\n"
+               "\n"
+               "#else\n"
+               "#endif\n"
+               "};",
+               Style);
+  verifyFormat("struct foo {\n"
+               "#if 0\n"
+               "#else\n"
+               "#endif\n"
+               "#ifdef FOO\n"
+               "private:\n"
+               "#endif\n"
+               "};",
+               "struct foo {\n"
+               "#if 0\n"
+               "#else\n"
+               "#endif\n"
+               "#ifdef FOO\n"
+               "private:\n"
+               "\n"
+               "\n"
+               "#endif\n"
+               "};",
+               Style);
 
   Style.EmptyLineAfterAccessModifier = FormatStyle::ELAAMS_Always;
   verifyFormat("struct foo {\n"