diff --git a/mlir/include/mlir/IR/Operation.h b/mlir/include/mlir/IR/Operation.h
--- a/mlir/include/mlir/IR/Operation.h
+++ b/mlir/include/mlir/IR/Operation.h
@@ -807,6 +807,8 @@
     unsigned maxInlineResults = detail::OpResultImpl::getMaxInlineResults();
     if (resultNumber < maxInlineResults)
       return getInlineOpResult(resultNumber);
+    assert(resultNumber < getNumResults() &&
+           "Result number is out of range for operation");
     return getOutOfLineOpResult(resultNumber - maxInlineResults);
   }