Index: llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/ADCE.cpp
===================================================================
--- llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/ADCE.cpp
+++ llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/ADCE.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "llvm/Analysis/DomTreeUpdater.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/GlobalsModRef.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/IteratedDominanceFrontier.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/MemorySSA.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/PostDominators.h"
 #include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h"
 #include "llvm/IR/CFG.h"
@@ -115,6 +116,7 @@
 
 struct ADCEChanged {
   bool ChangedAnything = false;
+  bool ChangedNonDebugInstr = false;
   bool ChangedControlFlow = false;
 };
 
@@ -560,6 +562,8 @@
         continue;
 
       // Fallthrough and drop the intrinsic.
+    } else {
+      Changed.ChangedNonDebugInstr = true;
     }
 
     // Prepare to delete.
@@ -713,8 +717,17 @@
     return PreservedAnalyses::all();
 
   PreservedAnalyses PA;
-  if (!Changed.ChangedControlFlow)
+  if (!Changed.ChangedControlFlow) {
     PA.preserveSet<CFGAnalyses>();
+    if (!Changed.ChangedNonDebugInstr) {
+      // Only removing debug instructions does not affect MemorySSA.
+      //
+      // Therefore we preserve MemorySSA when only removing debug instructions
+      // since otherwise later passes may behave differently which then makes
+      // the presence of debug info affect code generation.
+      PA.preserve<MemorySSAAnalysis>();
+    }
+  }
   PA.preserve<DominatorTreeAnalysis>();
   PA.preserve<PostDominatorTreeAnalysis>();
 
Index: llvm/test/Transforms/ADCE/preserve-memoryssa-if-only-remove-debug.ll
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ llvm/test/Transforms/ADCE/preserve-memoryssa-if-only-remove-debug.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+; RUN: opt -passes='require<memoryssa>,adce' -o - -S -debug-pass-manager < %s 2>&1 | FileCheck %s
+
+; ADCE should remove the dbg.declare in test1, but it should preserve
+; MemorySSA since it only removed a debug instruction.
+
+; Invalidating MemorySSA when only removing debug instructions may lead
+; to different code with/without debug info present.
+; In
+;  https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/58285
+; we saw how ADCE removed a dbg.declare, invalidated all analyses, and later
+; DSE behaved in some way. Without the dbg.declare in the input ADCE kept
+; analysis info, and DSE behaved differently.
+
+; CHECK: Running analysis: MemorySSAAnalysis on test1
+; CHECK: Running pass: ADCEPass on test1 (1 instruction)
+; CHECK-NOT: Invalidating analysis: MemorySSAAnalysis on test1
+
+; In test2 ADCE also removes an instruction, but since we remove a non-debug
+; instruction as well we invalidate several analyses, including MemorySSA.
+
+; CHECK: Running analysis: MemorySSAAnalysis on test2
+; CHECK: Running pass: ADCEPass on test2 (2 instructions)
+; CHECK: Invalidating analysis: MemorySSAAnalysis on test2
+; CHECK: Running pass: PrintModulePass
+
+; CHECK-LABEL: @test1(
+; CHECK-NEXT:  entry:
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i16 0
+
+; CHECK-LABEL: @test2(
+; CHECK-NEXT:  entry:
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i16 0
+
+define i16 @test1() {
+entry:
+  call void @llvm.dbg.declare(metadata ptr undef, metadata !4, metadata !DIExpression()), !dbg !16
+  ret i16 0
+}
+
+define i16 @test2() {
+entry:
+  %dead = add i16 1, 2
+  ret i16 0
+}
+
+; Function Attrs: nocallback nofree nosync nounwind speculatable willreturn memory(none)
+declare void @llvm.dbg.declare(metadata, metadata, metadata) #0
+
+attributes #0 = { nocallback nofree nosync nounwind speculatable willreturn memory(none) }
+
+!llvm.dbg.cu = !{}
+!llvm.module.flags = !{!0, !1, !2, !3}
+
+!0 = !{i32 7, !"Dwarf Version", i32 4}
+!1 = !{i32 2, !"Debug Info Version", i32 3}
+!2 = !{i32 1, !"wchar_size", i32 1}
+!3 = !{i32 7, !"frame-pointer", i32 2}
+!4 = !DILocalVariable(name: "w", scope: !5, file: !6, line: 18, type: !11)
+!5 = distinct !DILexicalBlock(scope: !7, file: !6, line: 18, column: 8)
+!6 = !DIFile(filename: "foo2.c", directory: "/llvm")
+!7 = distinct !DISubprogram(name: "test1", scope: !6, file: !6, line: 14, type: !8, scopeLine: 14, flags: DIFlagAllCallsDescribed, spFlags: DISPFlagDefinition | DISPFlagOptimized, unit: !10)
+!8 = !DISubroutineType(types: !9)
+!9 = !{}
+!10 = distinct !DICompileUnit(language: DW_LANG_C99, file: !6, producer: "clang version 16.0.0", isOptimized: true, runtimeVersion: 0, emissionKind: FullDebug, globals: !9, splitDebugInlining: false, nameTableKind: None)
+!11 = !DIDerivedType(tag: DW_TAG_typedef, name: "uint64_t", file: !12, line: 60, baseType: !13)
+!12 = !DIFile(filename: "/include/sys/_stdint.h", directory: "")
+!13 = !DIDerivedType(tag: DW_TAG_typedef, name: "__uint64_t", file: !14, line: 108, baseType: !15)
+!14 = !DIFile(filename: "/include/machine/_default_types.h", directory: "")
+!15 = !DIBasicType(name: "unsigned long long", size: 64, encoding: DW_ATE_unsigned)
+!16 = !DILocation(line: 18, column: 8, scope: !5)
\ No newline at end of file