diff --git a/mlir/lib/Dialect/Transform/IR/TransformInterfaces.cpp b/mlir/lib/Dialect/Transform/IR/TransformInterfaces.cpp
--- a/mlir/lib/Dialect/Transform/IR/TransformInterfaces.cpp
+++ b/mlir/lib/Dialect/Transform/IR/TransformInterfaces.cpp
@@ -7,11 +7,9 @@
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Transform/IR/TransformInterfaces.h"
-#include "mlir/Dialect/PDL/IR/PDL.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Transform/IR/TransformTypes.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Diagnostics.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Operation.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/OwningOpRef.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/ScopeExit.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
@@ -830,25 +828,6 @@
   }
 #endif // NDEBUG
 
-  // If the transform dialect may use PDL which may modify the IR, clone it
-  // before use to avoid concurrent modification in case this is being called
-  // from pass instances running concurrently with a shared transform script.
-  auto *pdlDialect =
-      transform->getContext()->getLoadedDialect<pdl::PDLDialect>();
-  bool hasPDL = transform
-                    .walk([pdlDialect](Operation *op) {
-                      if (op->getDialect() == pdlDialect)
-                        return WalkResult::interrupt();
-                      return WalkResult::advance();
-                    })
-                    .wasInterrupted();
-
-  OwningOpRef<TransformOpInterface> owningCopy;
-  if (hasPDL) {
-    owningCopy = OwningOpRef<TransformOpInterface>(transform->clone());
-    transform = owningCopy.get();
-  }
-
   TransformState state(transform->getParentRegion(), payloadRoot, extraMapping,
                        options);
   return state.applyTransform(transform).checkAndReport();
diff --git a/mlir/lib/Dialect/Transform/IR/TransformOps.cpp b/mlir/lib/Dialect/Transform/IR/TransformOps.cpp
--- a/mlir/lib/Dialect/Transform/IR/TransformOps.cpp
+++ b/mlir/lib/Dialect/Transform/IR/TransformOps.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Transform/IR/TransformInterfaces.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Transform/IR/TransformTypes.h"
 #include "mlir/Dialect/Transform/IR/TransformUtils.h"
-#include "mlir/IR/OpImplementation.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/PatternMatch.h"
 #include "mlir/Interfaces/ControlFlowInterfaces.h"
 #include "mlir/Rewrite/FrozenRewritePatternSet.h"
@@ -89,9 +88,11 @@
     if (!patternOp)
       return failure();
 
+    // Copy the pattern operation into a new module that is compiled and
+    // consumed by the PDL interpreter.
     OwningOpRef<ModuleOp> pdlModuleOp = ModuleOp::create(patternOp.getLoc());
-    patternOp->moveBefore(pdlModuleOp->getBody(),
-                          pdlModuleOp->getBody()->end());
+    auto builder = OpBuilder::atBlockEnd(pdlModuleOp->getBody());
+    builder.clone(*patternOp);
     PDLPatternModule patternModule(std::move(pdlModuleOp));
 
     // Merge in the hooks owned by the dialect. Make a copy as they may be
@@ -964,8 +965,6 @@
 DiagnosedSilenceableFailure
 transform::WithPDLPatternsOp::apply(transform::TransformResults &results,
                                     transform::TransformState &state) {
-  OwningOpRef<ModuleOp> pdlModuleOp =
-      ModuleOp::create(getOperation()->getLoc());
   TransformOpInterface transformOp = nullptr;
   for (Operation &nested : getBody().front()) {
     if (!isa<pdl::PatternOp>(nested)) {
diff --git a/mlir/test/Dialect/Transform/test-interpreter-external-concurrent-source.mlir b/mlir/test/Dialect/Transform/test-interpreter-external-concurrent-source.mlir
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mlir/test/Dialect/Transform/test-interpreter-external-concurrent-source.mlir
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// RUN: mlir-opt %s
+// No need to check anything else than parsing here, this is being used by another test as data.
+
+transform.with_pdl_patterns {
+^bb0(%arg0: !transform.any_op):
+  pdl.pattern @func_return : benefit(1) {
+    %0 = pdl.operation "func.return"
+    pdl.rewrite %0 with "transform.dialect"
+  }
+
+  sequence %arg0 : !transform.any_op failures(propagate) {
+  ^bb1(%arg1: !transform.any_op):
+    %0 = pdl_match @func_return in %arg1 : (!transform.any_op) -> !transform.op<"func.return">
+    test_print_remark_at_operand %0, "matched" : !transform.op<"func.return">
+  }
+}
diff --git a/mlir/test/Dialect/Transform/test-interpreter-external-concurrent.mlir b/mlir/test/Dialect/Transform/test-interpreter-external-concurrent.mlir
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mlir/test/Dialect/Transform/test-interpreter-external-concurrent.mlir
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// RUN: mlir-opt %s --pass-pipeline="builtin.module(func.func(test-transform-dialect-interpreter{transform-file-name=%p/test-interpreter-external-concurrent-source.mlir}))" \
+// RUN:             --verify-diagnostics
+
+// Exercising the pass on multiple functions of different lengths that may be
+// processed concurrently. This should expose potential races.
+
+func.func @f1() {
+  // expected-remark @below {{matched}}
+  return
+}
+
+func.func @f2() {
+  // expected-remark @below {{matched}}
+  return
+}
+
+func.func @f3() {
+  call @f2() : () -> ()
+  call @f2() : () -> ()
+  call @f5() : () -> ()
+  call @f7() : () -> ()
+  call @f5() : () -> ()
+  call @f5() : () -> ()
+  // expected-remark @below {{matched}}
+  return
+}
+
+func.func @f4() {
+  call @f3() : () -> ()
+  call @f3() : () -> ()
+  // expected-remark @below {{matched}}
+  return
+}
+
+func.func @f5() {
+  call @f7() : () -> ()
+  call @f7() : () -> ()
+  call @f7() : () -> ()
+  call @f7() : () -> ()
+  call @f1() : () -> ()
+  call @f1() : () -> ()
+  call @f7() : () -> ()
+  call @f7() : () -> ()
+  call @f7() : () -> ()
+  call @f7() : () -> ()
+  // expected-remark @below {{matched}}
+  return
+}
+
+func.func @f6() {
+  // expected-remark @below {{matched}}
+  return
+}
+
+func.func @f7() {
+  // expected-remark @below {{matched}}
+  return
+}
diff --git a/mlir/test/lib/Dialect/Transform/TestTransformDialectInterpreter.cpp b/mlir/test/lib/Dialect/Transform/TestTransformDialectInterpreter.cpp
--- a/mlir/test/lib/Dialect/Transform/TestTransformDialectInterpreter.cpp
+++ b/mlir/test/lib/Dialect/Transform/TestTransformDialectInterpreter.cpp
@@ -24,12 +24,11 @@
 /// module.
 
 template <typename Derived>
-class ModulePassWrapper : public PassWrapper<Derived, OperationPass<ModuleOp>> {
-};
+class OpPassWrapper : public PassWrapper<Derived, OperationPass<>> {};
 
 class TestTransformDialectInterpreterPass
     : public transform::TransformInterpreterPassBase<
-          TestTransformDialectInterpreterPass, ModulePassWrapper> {
+          TestTransformDialectInterpreterPass, OpPassWrapper> {
 public:
   MLIR_DEFINE_EXPLICIT_INTERNAL_INLINE_TYPE_ID(
       TestTransformDialectInterpreterPass)