diff --git a/flang/lib/Semantics/data-to-inits.cpp b/flang/lib/Semantics/data-to-inits.cpp
--- a/flang/lib/Semantics/data-to-inits.cpp
+++ b/flang/lib/Semantics/data-to-inits.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@
 // objects and pointers.
 static constexpr bool removeOriginalInits{false};
 
+// Impose a hard limit that's more than large enough for real applications but
+// small enough to cause artificial stress tests to fail reasonably instead of
+// crashing the compiler with a memory allocation failure.
+static constexpr auto maxDataInitBytes{std::size_t{1000000000}}; // 1GiB
+
 namespace Fortran::semantics {
 
 // Steps through a list of values in a DATA statement set; implements
@@ -356,6 +361,13 @@
   const SomeExpr *expr{*values_};
   if (!expr) {
     CHECK(exprAnalyzer_.context().AnyFatalError());
+  } else if (symbol.size() > maxDataInitBytes) {
+    evaluate::AttachDeclaration(
+        exprAnalyzer_.context().Say(
+            "'%s' is too large to initialize with a DATA statement"_todo_en_US,
+            symbol.name()),
+        symbol);
+    return false;
   } else if (isPointer) {
     if (static_cast<std::size_t>(offsetSymbol.offset() + offsetSymbol.size()) >
         symbol.size()) {
diff --git a/flang/lib/Semantics/expression.cpp b/flang/lib/Semantics/expression.cpp
--- a/flang/lib/Semantics/expression.cpp
+++ b/flang/lib/Semantics/expression.cpp
@@ -2103,6 +2103,11 @@
         if (dataRef && !CheckDataRef(*dataRef)) {
           return std::nullopt;
         }
+        if (dataRef && dataRef->Rank() > 0 && sym->attrs().test(semantics::Attr::NOPASS)) {
+          // C1529 seems unnecessary and most compilers don't enforce it.
+          Say(sc.component.source,
+            "Base of procedure component reference should be scalar when NOPASS component or binding '%s' is referenced"_port_en_US, sc.component.source);
+        }
         if (const Symbol *resolution{
                 GetBindingResolution(dtExpr->GetType(), *sym)}) {
           AddPassArg(arguments, std::move(*dtExpr), *sym, false);