diff --git a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/SROA.cpp b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/SROA.cpp
--- a/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/SROA.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/SROA.cpp
@@ -1549,9 +1549,13 @@
                              const Twine &NamePrefix) {
   // Create i8 GEP for opaque pointers.
   if (Ptr->getType()->isOpaquePointerTy()) {
-    if (Offset != 0)
-      Ptr = IRB.CreateInBoundsGEP(IRB.getInt8Ty(), Ptr, IRB.getInt(Offset),
+    if (Offset != 0) {
+      Type *Int8Ty = IRB.getInt8Ty();
+      // This may fail due to alignment
+      assert(DL.getTypeAllocSize(Int8Ty) == 1 && "Unexpected I8 size!");
+      Ptr = IRB.CreateInBoundsGEP(Int8Ty, Ptr, IRB.getInt(Offset),
                                   NamePrefix + "sroa_idx");
+    }
     return IRB.CreatePointerBitCastOrAddrSpaceCast(Ptr, PointerTy,
                                                    NamePrefix + "sroa_cast");
   }
@@ -1640,11 +1644,14 @@
       Int8PtrOffset = Offset;
     }
 
-    OffsetPtr = Int8PtrOffset == 0
-                    ? Int8Ptr
-                    : IRB.CreateInBoundsGEP(IRB.getInt8Ty(), Int8Ptr,
-                                            IRB.getInt(Int8PtrOffset),
-                                            NamePrefix + "sroa_raw_idx");
+    Type *Int8Ty = IRB.getInt8Ty();
+    // This may fail due to alignment
+    assert(DL.getTypeAllocSize(Int8Ty) == 1 && "Unexpected I8 size!");
+    OffsetPtr =
+        Int8PtrOffset == 0
+            ? Int8Ptr
+            : IRB.CreateInBoundsGEP(Int8Ty, Int8Ptr, IRB.getInt(Int8PtrOffset),
+                                    NamePrefix + "sroa_raw_idx");
   }
   Ptr = OffsetPtr;
 
diff --git a/llvm/test/Transforms/SROA/overaligned-datalayout.ll b/llvm/test/Transforms/SROA/overaligned-datalayout.ll
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/Transforms/SROA/overaligned-datalayout.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+; NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_test_checks.py
+; RUN: opt < %s -passes sroa -S | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=OVERALIGNED
+; RUN: grep -v "target datalayout" %s | opt -passes sroa -S | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=NATURAL
+
+; Test case demonstrating an SROA issue in case of overaligned i8s.
+; It is not clear whether SROA should support such cases,
+; but the test case at least demonstrates the issue.
+
+; Non-vectors require at least 32-bit alignment.
+target datalayout = "e-m:e-p:64:64-i8:32-i16:32-i32:32-i64:32-f16:32-f32:32-f64:32-n8:16:32"
+
+; Pack the byte to be accessed into a vector within a struct.
+; For some reason, this is necessary to trigger the problematic behavior.
+%AllocStruct = type { <3 x i16> }
+; The <1 x i8> has an alignment of 8 bits, even if i8 has an alignment of 32 bits,
+; so we can use it to access individual bytes.
+%ByteAccessStruct = type { <1 x i8> }
+
+; Alloca a struct containting a <3 x i16>, then access its last byte using ByteAccessStruct.
+define i8 @test_i8_access() {
+; Note: This returns poison, but should return 1. This is caused by SROA transforming the byte
+; access into an i8-based GEP using a byte-offset as index, which is incorrect (and out-of-bounds)
+; because i8s have an alignment of 32 bits, and hence an AllocSize of 32 bits.
+; OVERALIGNED-LABEL: @test_i8_access(
+; OVERALIGNED-NEXT:    [[INTVEC:%.*]] = insertelement <3 x i16> undef, i16 513, i32 2
+; OVERALIGNED-NEXT:    [[LASTBYTESTR_FCA_0_INSERT:%.*]] = insertvalue [[BYTEACCESSSTRUCT:%.*]] poison, <1 x i8> poison, 0
+; OVERALIGNED-NEXT:    [[LASTBYTEVEC:%.*]] = extractvalue [[BYTEACCESSSTRUCT]] [[LASTBYTESTR_FCA_0_INSERT]], 0
+; OVERALIGNED-NEXT:    [[LASTBYTEI8:%.*]] = extractelement <1 x i8> [[LASTBYTEVEC]], i32 0
+; OVERALIGNED-NEXT:    ret i8 [[LASTBYTEI8]]
+;
+; NATURAL-LABEL: @test_i8_access(
+; NATURAL-NEXT:    [[ALLOCA_SROA_0:%.*]] = alloca <3 x i16>, align 16
+; NATURAL-NEXT:    [[INTVEC:%.*]] = insertelement <3 x i16> undef, i16 513, i32 2
+; NATURAL-NEXT:    store <3 x i16> [[INTVEC]], <3 x i16>* [[ALLOCA_SROA_0]], align 16
+; NATURAL-NEXT:    [[ALLOCA_SROA_0_5_LASTBYTESTR_FCA_0_GEP_SROA_RAW_CAST1:%.*]] = bitcast <3 x i16>* [[ALLOCA_SROA_0]] to i8*
+; NATURAL-NEXT:    [[ALLOCA_SROA_0_5_LASTBYTESTR_FCA_0_GEP_SROA_RAW_IDX2:%.*]] = getelementptr inbounds i8, i8* [[ALLOCA_SROA_0_5_LASTBYTESTR_FCA_0_GEP_SROA_RAW_CAST1]], i64 5
+; NATURAL-NEXT:    [[ALLOCA_SROA_0_5_LASTBYTESTR_FCA_0_GEP_SROA_CAST3:%.*]] = bitcast i8* [[ALLOCA_SROA_0_5_LASTBYTESTR_FCA_0_GEP_SROA_RAW_IDX2]] to <1 x i8>*
+; NATURAL-NEXT:    [[ALLOCA_SROA_0_5_ALLOCA_SROA_0_5_LASTBYTESTR_FCA_0_LOAD:%.*]] = load <1 x i8>, <1 x i8>* [[ALLOCA_SROA_0_5_LASTBYTESTR_FCA_0_GEP_SROA_CAST3]], align 1
+; NATURAL-NEXT:    [[LASTBYTESTR_FCA_0_INSERT:%.*]] = insertvalue [[BYTEACCESSSTRUCT:%.*]] poison, <1 x i8> [[ALLOCA_SROA_0_5_ALLOCA_SROA_0_5_LASTBYTESTR_FCA_0_LOAD]], 0
+; NATURAL-NEXT:    [[LASTBYTEVEC:%.*]] = extractvalue [[BYTEACCESSSTRUCT]] [[LASTBYTESTR_FCA_0_INSERT]], 0
+; NATURAL-NEXT:    [[LASTBYTEI8:%.*]] = extractelement <1 x i8> [[LASTBYTEVEC]], i32 0
+; NATURAL-NEXT:    ret i8 [[LASTBYTEI8]]
+;
+  %alloca = alloca %AllocStruct, align 16
+  %intvec = insertelement <3 x i16> undef, i16 513, i32 2
+  %intvecptr = getelementptr %AllocStruct, %AllocStruct* %alloca, i32 0, i32 0
+  store <3 x i16> %intvec, <3 x i16>* %intvecptr
+  %allocaBytePtr = bitcast %AllocStruct* %alloca to %ByteAccessStruct*
+  %allocaBytePtrLastByte = getelementptr %ByteAccessStruct, %ByteAccessStruct* %allocaBytePtr, i32 5
+  %lastByteStr = load %ByteAccessStruct, %ByteAccessStruct* %allocaBytePtrLastByte
+  %lastByteVec = extractvalue %ByteAccessStruct %lastByteStr, 0
+  %lastByteI8 = extractelement <1 x i8> %lastByteVec, i32 0
+  ret i8 %lastByteI8
+}