diff --git a/lldb/source/Target/Target.cpp b/lldb/source/Target/Target.cpp
--- a/lldb/source/Target/Target.cpp
+++ b/lldb/source/Target/Target.cpp
@@ -2134,6 +2134,14 @@
       }
     }
 
+    // If we found a pre-existing module, just return it.
+    if (module_sp && !did_create_module &&
+        m_images.FindModule(module_sp.get())) {
+      if (error_ptr)
+        *error_ptr = error;
+      return module_sp;
+    }
+
     // We found a module that wasn't in our target list.  Let's make sure that
     // there wasn't an equivalent module in the list already, and if there was,
     // let's remove it.
diff --git a/lldb/test/Shell/Target/Inputs/main.c b/lldb/test/Shell/Target/Inputs/main.c
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lldb/test/Shell/Target/Inputs/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+__declspec(dllimport) void exportFunc(void);
+int main() { exportFunc(); }
diff --git a/lldb/test/Shell/Target/Inputs/shlib.c b/lldb/test/Shell/Target/Inputs/shlib.c
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lldb/test/Shell/Target/Inputs/shlib.c
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__declspec(dllexport) void exportFunc(void) {}
diff --git a/lldb/test/Shell/Target/dependent-modules-nodupe-windows.test b/lldb/test/Shell/Target/dependent-modules-nodupe-windows.test
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lldb/test/Shell/Target/dependent-modules-nodupe-windows.test
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# REQUIRES: system-windows
+
+# Checks that dependent modules preloaded by LLDB are not duplicated when the
+# process actually loads the DLL.
+
+# RUN: %clang_host -g0 -O0 -shared %S/Inputs/shlib.c -o %t.shlib.dll \
+# RUN:             %if windows-msvc %{-Wl,-implib:%t.shlib.lib} \
+# RUN:             %else %{-Wl,--out-implib=%t.shlib.lib%}
+# RUN: %clang_host -g0 -O0 %S/Inputs/main.c %t.shlib.lib -o %t.main.exe
+# RUN: %lldb -b -o "#before" -o "target modules list" -o "b main" -o run \
+# RUN:       -o "#after" -o "target modules list" %t.main.exe | FileCheck %s
+
+# CHECK-LABEL: #before
+# CHECK-NEXT: target modules list
+# CHECK-NEXT: .main.exe
+# CHECK-NEXT: .shlib.dll
+
+# CHECK-LABEL: #after
+# CHECK-NEXT: target modules list
+# CHECK-NEXT: .main.exe
+# CHECK-NEXT: .shlib.dll
+# CHECK-NOT:  .shlib.dll