Index: llvm/lib/Target/RISCV/MCTargetDesc/RISCVAsmBackend.cpp
===================================================================
--- llvm/lib/Target/RISCV/MCTargetDesc/RISCVAsmBackend.cpp
+++ llvm/lib/Target/RISCV/MCTargetDesc/RISCVAsmBackend.cpp
@@ -354,20 +354,28 @@
 
 bool RISCVAsmBackend::writeNopData(raw_ostream &OS, uint64_t Count,
                                    const MCSubtargetInfo *STI) const {
-  bool HasStdExtC = STI->getFeatureBits()[RISCV::FeatureStdExtC];
-  unsigned MinNopLen = HasStdExtC ? 2 : 4;
+  // We mostly follow binutils' convention here: align to even boundary with a
+  // 0-fill padding.  We emit up to 1 2-byte nop, though we use c.nop if RVC is
+  // enabled or 0-fill otherwise.  The remainder is now padded with 4-byte nops.
+
+  // Instructions always are at even addresses.  We must be in a data area or
+  // be unaligned due to some other reason.
+  if (Count % 2) {
+    OS.write("\0", 1);
+    Count -= 1;
+  }
 
-  if ((Count % MinNopLen) != 0)
-    return false;
+  // The canonical nop on RVC is c.nop.
+  if (Count % 4 == 2) {
+    OS.write(STI->getFeatureBits()[RISCV::FeatureStdExtC] ? "\x01\0" : "\0\0",
+             2);
+    Count -= 2;
+  }
 
   // The canonical nop on RISC-V is addi x0, x0, 0.
   for (; Count >= 4; Count -= 4)
     OS.write("\x13\0\0\0", 4);
 
-  // The canonical nop on RVC is c.nop.
-  if (Count && HasStdExtC)
-    OS.write("\x01\0", 2);
-
   return true;
 }
 
Index: llvm/test/MC/RISCV/align.s
===================================================================
--- llvm/test/MC/RISCV/align.s
+++ llvm/test/MC/RISCV/align.s
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@
 # RELAX-RELOC: R_RISCV_ALIGN - 0x4
 # RELAX-INST:  addi    zero, zero, 0
 # C-EXT-RELAX-RELOC: R_RISCV_ALIGN - 0x6
-# C-EXT-RELAX-INST:  addi    zero, zero, 0
 # C-EXT-RELAX-INST:  c.nop
+# C-EXT-RELAX-INST:  addi    zero, zero, 0
 # C-EXT-NORELAX-INST: addi    zero, zero, 0
 	add	a0, a0, a1
 	.align 4
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 # NORELAX-INST: addi    zero, zero, 0
 # C-EXT-RELAX-RELOC: R_RISCV_ALIGN - 0x6
 # C-EXT-RELAX-INST:  addi    zero, zero, 0
-# C-EXT-RELAX-INST:  c.nop
+# C-EXT-RELAX-INST-NOT:  c.nop
 # C-EXT-INST: addi    zero, zero, 0
 # C-EXT-INST: c.nop
 	add	a0, a0, a1
Index: llvm/test/MC/RISCV/nop-slide.s
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ llvm/test/MC/RISCV/nop-slide.s
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# RUN: llvm-mc -triple riscv64 -mattr +c,-relax -filetype obj -o - %s | llvm-objdump -d - | FileCheck %s -check-prefix CHECK-RVC-NORELAX
+# RUN: llvm-mc -triple riscv64 -mattr +c,+relax -filetype obj -o - %s | llvm-objdump -d - | FileCheck %s -check-prefix CHECK-RVC-RELAX
+# RUN: llvm-mc -triple riscv64 -mattr -c,-relax -filetype obj -o - %s | llvm-objdump -d - | FileCheck %s
+# RUN: llvm-mc -triple riscv64 -mattr -c,+relax -filetype obj -o - %s | llvm-objdump -d - | FileCheck %s
+
+.balign 4
+.byte 0
+
+.balign 4
+auipc a0, 0
+
+# CHECK-RVC-NORELAX: 0000000000000000 <.text>:
+# CHECK-RVC-NORELAX-NEXT: 0: 00 00        	unimp
+# CHECK-RVC-NORELAX-NEXT: 2: 01 00        	nop
+# CHECK-RVC-NORELAX-NEXT: 4: 17 05 00 00  	auipc	a0, 0
+
+# CHECK-RVC-RELAX: 0000000000000000 <.text>:
+# CHECK-RVC-RELAX-NEXT:   0: 01 00        	nop
+# CHECK-RVC-RELAX-NEXT:   2: 00 01        	addi	s0, sp, 128
+# CHECK-RVC-RELAX-NEXT:   4: 00 17        	addi	s0, sp, 928
+# CHECK-RVC-RELAX-NEXT:   6: 05 00        	c.nop	1
+# CHECK-RVC-RELAX-NEXT:   8: 00           	<unknown>
+
+# CHECK: 0000000000000000 <.text>:
+# CHECK-NEXT: 0: 00 00        	<unknown>
+# CHECK-NEXT: 2: 00 00        	<unknown>
+# CHECK-NEXT: 4: 17 05 00 00  	auipc	a0, 0