Index: clang/docs/DebuggingCoroutines.rst =================================================================== --- clang/docs/DebuggingCoroutines.rst +++ clang/docs/DebuggingCoroutines.rst @@ -368,6 +368,345 @@ This logic should be quite easily captured in a debugger script. +Examples to print asynchronous stack +------------------------------------ + +Here is an example to print the asynchronous stack for the normal task implementation. + +.. code-block:: c++ + + // debugging-example.cpp + #include + #include + #include + + struct task { + struct promise_type { + task get_return_object(); + std::suspend_always initial_suspend() { return {}; } + + void unhandled_exception() noexcept {} + + struct FinalSuspend { + std::coroutine_handle<> continuation; + auto await_ready() noexcept { return false; } + auto await_suspend(std::coroutine_handle<> handle) noexcept { + return continuation; + } + void await_resume() noexcept {} + }; + FinalSuspend final_suspend() noexcept { return {continuation}; } + + void return_value(int res) { result = res; } + + std::coroutine_handle<> continuation = std::noop_coroutine(); + int result = 0; + }; + + task(std::coroutine_handle handle) : handle(handle) {} + ~task() { + if (handle) + handle.destroy(); + } + + auto operator co_await() { + struct Awaiter { + std::coroutine_handle handle; + auto await_ready() { return false; } + auto await_suspend(std::coroutine_handle<> continuation) { + handle.promise().continuation = continuation; + return handle; + } + int await_resume() { + int ret = handle.promise().result; + handle.destroy(); + return ret; + } + }; + return Awaiter{std::exchange(handle, nullptr)}; + } + + int syncStart() { + handle.resume(); + return handle.promise().result; + } + + private: + std::coroutine_handle handle; + }; + + task task::promise_type::get_return_object() { + return std::coroutine_handle::from_promise(*this); + } + + namespace detail { + template + task chain_fn() { + co_return N + co_await chain_fn(); + } + + template <> + task chain_fn<0>() { + // This is the default breakpoint. + __builtin_debugtrap(); + co_return 0; + } + } // namespace detail + + task chain() { + co_return co_await detail::chain_fn<30>(); + } + + int main() { + std::cout << chain().syncStart() << "\n"; + return 0; + } + +In the example, the ``task`` coroutine holds a ``continuation`` field, +which would be resumed once the ``task`` completes. +In another word, the ``continuation`` is the asynchronous caller for the ``task``. +Just like the normal function returns to its caller when the function completes. + +So we can use the ``continuation`` field to construct the asynchronous stack: + +.. code-block:: python + + # debugging-helper.py + import gdb + from gdb.FrameDecorator import FrameDecorator + + class SymValueWrapper(): + def __init__(self, symbol, value): + self.sym = symbol + self.val = value + + def __str__(self): + return str(self.sym) + " = " + str(self.val) + + def get_long_pointer_size(): + return gdb.lookup_type('long').pointer().sizeof + + def cast_addr2long_pointer(addr): + return gdb.Value(addr).cast(gdb.lookup_type('long').pointer()) + + def dereference(addr): + return long(cast_addr2long_pointer(addr).dereference()) + + class CoroutineFrame(object): + def __init__(self, task_addr): + self.frame_addr = task_addr + self.resume_addr = task_addr + self.destroy_addr = task_addr + get_long_pointer_size() + self.promise_addr = task_addr + get_long_pointer_size() * 2 + # In the example, the continuation is the first field member of the promise_type. + # So they have the same addresses. + # If we want to generalize the scripts to other coroutine types, we need to be sure + # the continuation field is the first memeber of promise_type. + self.continuation_addr = self.promise_addr + + def next_task_addr(self): + return dereference(self.continuation_addr) + + class CoroutineFrameDecorator(FrameDecorator): + def __init__(self, coro_frame): + super(CoroutineFrameDecorator, self).__init__(None) + self.coro_frame = coro_frame + self.resume_func = dereference(self.coro_frame.resume_addr) + self.resume_func_block = gdb.block_for_pc(self.resume_func) + if self.resume_func_block == None: + raise Exception('Not stackless coroutine.') + self.line_info = gdb.find_pc_line(self.resume_func) + + def address(self): + return self.resume_func + + def filename(self): + return self.line_info.symtab.filename + + def frame_args(self): + return [SymValueWrapper("frame_addr", cast_addr2long_pointer(self.coro_frame.frame_addr)), + SymValueWrapper("promise_addr", cast_addr2long_pointer(self.coro_frame.promise_addr)), + SymValueWrapper("continuation_addr", cast_addr2long_pointer(self.coro_frame.continuation_addr)) + ] + + def function(self): + return self.resume_func_block.function.print_name + + def line(self): + return self.line_info.line + + class StripDecorator(FrameDecorator): + def __init__(self, frame): + super(StripDecorator, self).__init__(frame) + self.frame = frame + f = frame.function() + self.function_name = f + + def __str__(self, shift = 2): + addr = "" if self.address() == None else '%#x' % self.address() + " in " + location = "" if self.filename() == None else " at " + self.filename() + ":" + str(self.line()) + return addr + self.function() + " " + str([str(args) for args in self.frame_args()]) + location + + class CoroutineFilter: + def create_coroutine_frames(self, task_addr): + frames = [] + while task_addr != 0: + coro_frame = CoroutineFrame(task_addr) + frames.append(CoroutineFrameDecorator(coro_frame)) + task_addr = coro_frame.next_task_addr() + return frames + + class AsyncStack(gdb.Command): + def __init__(self): + super(AsyncStack, self).__init__("async-bt", gdb.COMMAND_USER) + + def invoke(self, arg, from_tty): + coroutine_filter = CoroutineFilter() + argv = gdb.string_to_argv(arg) + if len(argv) == 0: + try: + task = gdb.parse_and_eval('__coro_frame') + task = int(str(task.address), 16) + except Exception: + print ("Can't find __coro_frame in current context.\n" + + "Please use `async-bt` in stackless coroutine context.") + return + elif len(argv) != 1: + print("usage: async-bt ") + return + else: + task = int(argv[0], 16) + + frames = coroutine_filter.create_coroutine_frames(task) + i = 0 + for f in frames: + print '#'+ str(i), str(StripDecorator(f)) + i += 1 + return + + AsyncStack() + + class ShowCoroFrame(gdb.Command): + def __init__(self): + super(ShowCoroFrame, self).__init__("show-coro-frame", gdb.COMMAND_USER) + + def invoke(self, arg, from_tty): + argv = gdb.string_to_argv(arg) + if len(argv) != 1: + print("usage: show-coro-frame
") + return + + addr = int(argv[0], 16) + block = gdb.block_for_pc(long(cast_addr2long_pointer(addr).dereference())) + if block == None: + print "block " + str(addr) + " is none." + return + + # Disable demangling since gdb will treat names starting with `_Z`(The marker for Itanium ABI) specially. + gdb.execute("set demangle-style none") + + coro_frame_type = gdb.lookup_type(block.function.linkage_name + ".coro_frame_ty") + coro_frame_ptr_type = coro_frame_type.pointer() + coro_frame = gdb.Value(addr).cast(coro_frame_ptr_type).dereference() + + gdb.execute("set demangle-style auto") + gdb.write(coro_frame.format_string(pretty_structs = True)) + + ShowCoroFrame() + +Then let's run: + +.. code-block:: text + + $ clang++ -std=c++20 -g debugging-example.cpp -o debugging-example + $ gdb ./debugging-example + (gdb) # We've alreay set the breakpoint. + (gdb) r + Program received signal SIGTRAP, Trace/breakpoint trap. + detail::chain_fn<0> () at debugging-example2.cpp:73 + 73 co_return 0; + (gdb) # Executes the debugging scripts + (gdb) source debugging-helper.py + (gdb) # Print the asynchronous stack + (gdb) async-bt + #0 0x401c40 in detail::chain_fn<0>() ['frame_addr = 0x441860', 'promise_addr = 0x441870', 'continuation_addr = 0x441870'] at debugging-example.cpp:71 + #1 0x4022d0 in detail::chain_fn<1>() ['frame_addr = 0x441810', 'promise_addr = 0x441820', 'continuation_addr = 0x441820'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #2 0x403060 in detail::chain_fn<2>() ['frame_addr = 0x4417c0', 'promise_addr = 0x4417d0', 'continuation_addr = 0x4417d0'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #3 0x403df0 in detail::chain_fn<3>() ['frame_addr = 0x441770', 'promise_addr = 0x441780', 'continuation_addr = 0x441780'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #4 0x404b80 in detail::chain_fn<4>() ['frame_addr = 0x441720', 'promise_addr = 0x441730', 'continuation_addr = 0x441730'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #5 0x405910 in detail::chain_fn<5>() ['frame_addr = 0x4416d0', 'promise_addr = 0x4416e0', 'continuation_addr = 0x4416e0'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #6 0x4066a0 in detail::chain_fn<6>() ['frame_addr = 0x441680', 'promise_addr = 0x441690', 'continuation_addr = 0x441690'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #7 0x407430 in detail::chain_fn<7>() ['frame_addr = 0x441630', 'promise_addr = 0x441640', 'continuation_addr = 0x441640'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #8 0x4081c0 in detail::chain_fn<8>() ['frame_addr = 0x4415e0', 'promise_addr = 0x4415f0', 'continuation_addr = 0x4415f0'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #9 0x408f50 in detail::chain_fn<9>() ['frame_addr = 0x441590', 'promise_addr = 0x4415a0', 'continuation_addr = 0x4415a0'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #10 0x409ce0 in detail::chain_fn<10>() ['frame_addr = 0x441540', 'promise_addr = 0x441550', 'continuation_addr = 0x441550'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #11 0x40aa70 in detail::chain_fn<11>() ['frame_addr = 0x4414f0', 'promise_addr = 0x441500', 'continuation_addr = 0x441500'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #12 0x40b800 in detail::chain_fn<12>() ['frame_addr = 0x4414a0', 'promise_addr = 0x4414b0', 'continuation_addr = 0x4414b0'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #13 0x40c590 in detail::chain_fn<13>() ['frame_addr = 0x441450', 'promise_addr = 0x441460', 'continuation_addr = 0x441460'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #14 0x40d320 in detail::chain_fn<14>() ['frame_addr = 0x441400', 'promise_addr = 0x441410', 'continuation_addr = 0x441410'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #15 0x40e0b0 in detail::chain_fn<15>() ['frame_addr = 0x4413b0', 'promise_addr = 0x4413c0', 'continuation_addr = 0x4413c0'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #16 0x40ee40 in detail::chain_fn<16>() ['frame_addr = 0x441360', 'promise_addr = 0x441370', 'continuation_addr = 0x441370'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #17 0x40fbd0 in detail::chain_fn<17>() ['frame_addr = 0x441310', 'promise_addr = 0x441320', 'continuation_addr = 0x441320'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #18 0x410960 in detail::chain_fn<18>() ['frame_addr = 0x4412c0', 'promise_addr = 0x4412d0', 'continuation_addr = 0x4412d0'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #19 0x4116f0 in detail::chain_fn<19>() ['frame_addr = 0x441270', 'promise_addr = 0x441280', 'continuation_addr = 0x441280'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #20 0x412480 in detail::chain_fn<20>() ['frame_addr = 0x441220', 'promise_addr = 0x441230', 'continuation_addr = 0x441230'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #21 0x413210 in detail::chain_fn<21>() ['frame_addr = 0x4411d0', 'promise_addr = 0x4411e0', 'continuation_addr = 0x4411e0'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #22 0x413fa0 in detail::chain_fn<22>() ['frame_addr = 0x441180', 'promise_addr = 0x441190', 'continuation_addr = 0x441190'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #23 0x414d30 in detail::chain_fn<23>() ['frame_addr = 0x441130', 'promise_addr = 0x441140', 'continuation_addr = 0x441140'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #24 0x415ac0 in detail::chain_fn<24>() ['frame_addr = 0x4410e0', 'promise_addr = 0x4410f0', 'continuation_addr = 0x4410f0'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #25 0x416850 in detail::chain_fn<25>() ['frame_addr = 0x441090', 'promise_addr = 0x4410a0', 'continuation_addr = 0x4410a0'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #26 0x4175e0 in detail::chain_fn<26>() ['frame_addr = 0x441040', 'promise_addr = 0x441050', 'continuation_addr = 0x441050'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #27 0x418370 in detail::chain_fn<27>() ['frame_addr = 0x440ff0', 'promise_addr = 0x441000', 'continuation_addr = 0x441000'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #28 0x419100 in detail::chain_fn<28>() ['frame_addr = 0x440fa0', 'promise_addr = 0x440fb0', 'continuation_addr = 0x440fb0'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #29 0x419e90 in detail::chain_fn<29>() ['frame_addr = 0x440f50', 'promise_addr = 0x440f60', 'continuation_addr = 0x440f60'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #30 0x41ac20 in detail::chain_fn<30>() ['frame_addr = 0x440f00', 'promise_addr = 0x440f10', 'continuation_addr = 0x440f10'] at debugging-example.cpp:66 + #31 0x41b9b0 in chain() ['frame_addr = 0x440eb0', 'promise_addr = 0x440ec0', 'continuation_addr = 0x440ec0'] at debugging-example.cpp:77 + +Now we get the complete asynchronous stack! +It is also possible to print other asynchronous stack which doesn't live in the top of the stack. +We can make it by passing the address of the corresponding coroutine frame to ``async-bt`` command. + +By the debugging scripts, we can print any coroutine frame too as long as we know the address. +For example, we can print the coroutine frame for ``detail::chain_fn<18>()`` in the above example. +From the log record, we know the address of the coroutine frame is ``0x4412c0`` in the run. Then we can: + +.. code-block:: text + + (gdb) show-coro-frame 0x4412c0 + { + __resume_fn = 0x410960 ()>, + __destroy_fn = 0x410d60 ()>, + __promise = { + continuation = { + _M_fr_ptr = 0x441270 + }, + result = 0 + }, + struct_Awaiter_0 = { + struct_std____n4861__coroutine_handle_0 = { + struct_std____n4861__coroutine_handle = { + PointerType = 0x441310 + } + } + }, + struct_task_1 = { + struct_std____n4861__coroutine_handle_0 = { + struct_std____n4861__coroutine_handle = { + PointerType = 0x0 + } + } + }, + struct_task__promise_type__FinalSuspend_2 = { + struct_std____n4861__coroutine_handle = { + PointerType = 0x0 + } + }, + __coro_index = 1 '\001', + struct_std____n4861__suspend_always_3 = { + __int_8 = 0 '\000' + } + + Get the living coroutines =========================