diff --git a/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryContext.cpp b/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryContext.cpp
--- a/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryContext.cpp
+++ b/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryContext.cpp
@@ -1119,14 +1119,19 @@
 
 bool BinaryContext::registerFragment(BinaryFunction &TargetFunction,
                                      BinaryFunction &Function) const {
-  if (!isPotentialFragmentByName(TargetFunction, Function))
+  // Only use symbol name matching for non-stripped binaries
+  if (!IsStripped && !isPotentialFragmentByName(TargetFunction, Function))
     return false;
   assert(TargetFunction.isFragment() && "TargetFunction must be a fragment");
   if (TargetFunction.isParentFragment(&Function))
     return true;
   TargetFunction.addParentFragment(Function);
   Function.addFragment(TargetFunction);
-  if (!HasRelocations) {
+
+  // Stripped binaries mostly don't have .rela.text section
+  // Without .rela.text, BOLT cannot reliably move code
+  // Temporarily relax this check for stripped binaries
+  if (!IsStripped && !HasRelocations) {
     TargetFunction.setSimple(false);
     Function.setSimple(false);
   }
diff --git a/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryFunction.cpp b/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryFunction.cpp
--- a/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryFunction.cpp
+++ b/bolt/lib/Core/BinaryFunction.cpp
@@ -1602,10 +1602,10 @@
     if (!getSecondaryEntryPointSymbol(Label))
       continue;
 
-    // In non-relocation mode there's potentially an external undetectable
-    // reference to the entry point and hence we cannot move this entry
-    // point. Optimizing without moving could be difficult.
-    if (!BC.HasRelocations)
+    // Stripped binaries mostly don't have .rela.text section
+    // Without .rela.text, BOLT cannot reliably move code
+    // Temporarily relax this check for stripped binaries
+    if (!BC.IsStripped && !BC.HasRelocations)
       setSimple(false);
 
     const uint32_t Offset = KV.first;