diff --git a/llvm/include/llvm/Support/Casting.h b/llvm/include/llvm/Support/Casting.h
--- a/llvm/include/llvm/Support/Casting.h
+++ b/llvm/include/llvm/Support/Casting.h
@@ -563,21 +563,25 @@
 
 template <typename To, typename From>
 LLVM_NODISCARD inline decltype(auto) cast(const From &Val) {
+  assert(isa<To>(Val) && "cast<Ty>() argument of incompatible type!");
   return CastInfo<To, const From>::doCast(Val);
 }
 
 template <typename To, typename From>
 LLVM_NODISCARD inline decltype(auto) cast(From &Val) {
+  assert(isa<To>(Val) && "cast<Ty>() argument of incompatible type!");
   return CastInfo<To, From>::doCast(Val);
 }
 
 template <typename To, typename From>
 LLVM_NODISCARD inline decltype(auto) cast(From *Val) {
+  assert(isa<To>(Val) && "cast<Ty>() argument of incompatible type!");
   return CastInfo<To, From *>::doCast(Val);
 }
 
 template <typename To, typename From>
 LLVM_NODISCARD inline decltype(auto) cast(std::unique_ptr<From> &&Val) {
+  assert(isa<To>(Val) && "cast<Ty>() argument of incompatible type!");
   return CastInfo<To, std::unique_ptr<From>>::doCast(std::move(Val));
 }