Index: llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/MemCpyOptimizer.cpp
===================================================================
--- llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/MemCpyOptimizer.cpp
+++ llvm/lib/Transforms/Scalar/MemCpyOptimizer.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "llvm/Analysis/AssumptionCache.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/CaptureTracking.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/GlobalsModRef.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/InstructionSimplify.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/Loads.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/MemoryLocation.h"
 #include "llvm/Analysis/MemorySSA.h"
@@ -1390,6 +1391,15 @@
   return true;
 }
 
+static bool isZeroSize(Value *Size) {
+  if (auto *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Size))
+    if (auto *Res = SimplifyInstruction(I, I->getModule()->getDataLayout()))
+      Size = Res;
+  if (auto *C = dyn_cast<Constant>(Size))
+    return C->isNullValue();
+  return false;
+}
+
 /// Perform simplification of memcpy's.  If we have memcpy A
 /// which copies X to Y, and memcpy B which copies Y to Z, then we can rewrite
 /// B to be a memcpy from X to Z (or potentially a memmove, depending on
@@ -1406,6 +1416,14 @@
     return true;
   }
 
+  // If the size is zero, remove the memcpy. This also prevents infinite loops
+  // in processMemSetMemCpyDependence, which is a no-op for zero-length memcpys.
+  if (isZeroSize(M->getLength())) {
+    ++BBI;
+    eraseInstruction(M);
+    return true;
+  }
+
   // If copying from a constant, try to turn the memcpy into a memset.
   if (auto *GV = dyn_cast<GlobalVariable>(M->getSource()))
     if (GV->isConstant() && GV->hasDefinitiveInitializer())
Index: llvm/test/Transforms/MemCpyOpt/memcpy-zero-size.ll
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ llvm/test/Transforms/MemCpyOpt/memcpy-zero-size.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+; NOTE: Assertions have been autogenerated by utils/update_test_checks.py
+; RUN: opt -S -memcpyopt < %s | FileCheck %s
+
+declare void @llvm.memset.p0.i64(ptr, i8, i64, i1)
+declare void @llvm.memcpy.p0.p0.i64(ptr, ptr, i64, i1)
+
+define void @zero_size(ptr %p, ptr %p2) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @zero_size(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret void
+;
+  call void @llvm.memcpy.p0.p0.i64(ptr %p, ptr %p2, i64 0, i1 false)
+  ret void
+}
+
+; The memcpy size is zero in a way that is non-trivial, but understood by AA.
+define void @pr54983(ptr %p, ptr noalias %p2) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @pr54983(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    call void @llvm.memset.p0.i64(ptr [[P:%.*]], i8 0, i64 1, i1 false)
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[SIZE:%.*]] = shl i64 0, 0
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret void
+;
+  call void @llvm.memset.p0.i64(ptr %p, i8 0, i64 1, i1 false)
+  %size = shl i64 0, 0
+  call void @llvm.memcpy.p0.p0.i64(ptr %p, ptr %p2, i64 %size, i1 false)
+  ret void
+}