diff --git a/llvm/cmake/config-ix.cmake b/llvm/cmake/config-ix.cmake
--- a/llvm/cmake/config-ix.cmake
+++ b/llvm/cmake/config-ix.cmake
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 include(CMakePushCheckState)
 
 include(CheckCompilerVersion)
+include(CheckProblematicConfigurations)
 include(HandleLLVMStdlib)
 
 if( UNIX AND NOT (APPLE OR BEOS OR HAIKU) )
diff --git a/llvm/cmake/modules/CheckProblematicConfigurations.cmake b/llvm/cmake/modules/CheckProblematicConfigurations.cmake
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/cmake/modules/CheckProblematicConfigurations.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+option(LLVM_ALLOW_PROBLEMATIC_CONFIGURATIONS OFF "Set this option to ON to allow problematic toolchain configurations. Use on your own risk.")
+
+macro(log_problematic MESSAGE)
+  if(LLVM_ALLOW_PROBLEMATIC_CONFIGURATIONS)
+    message(WARNING "${MESSAGE}")
+  else()
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "${MESSAGE}\nYou can force usage of this configuration by passing -DLLVM_ALLOW_PROBLEMATIC_CONFIGURATIONS=ON")
+  endif()
+endmacro()
+
+# MSVC and /arch:AVX is untested and have created problems before. See:
+# https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/54645
+if(${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID} STREQUAL MSVC)
+  string(TOLOWER "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${CMAKE_C_FLAGS}" _FLAGS)
+  if(_FLAGS MATCHES "/arch:avx[0-9]*")
+    log_problematic("Compiling LLVM with MSVC and the /arch:AVX flag is known to cause issues with parts of LLVM.\nSee https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/54645 for details.\nUse clang-cl if you want to enable AVX instructions.")
+  endif()
+endif()
diff --git a/llvm/cmake/modules/HandleLLVMOptions.cmake b/llvm/cmake/modules/HandleLLVMOptions.cmake
--- a/llvm/cmake/modules/HandleLLVMOptions.cmake
+++ b/llvm/cmake/modules/HandleLLVMOptions.cmake
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 string(TOUPPER "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" uppercase_CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
 
 include(CheckCompilerVersion)
+include(CheckProblematicConfigurations)
 include(HandleLLVMStdlib)
 include(CheckCCompilerFlag)
 include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)