diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
--- a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
@@ -10734,6 +10734,8 @@
   "expected a reference to an integer-typed parameter">;
 def err_omp_at_least_one_motion_clause_required : Error<
   "expected at least one 'to' clause or 'from' clause specified to '#pragma omp target update'">;
+def err_omp_cannot_update_with_internal_linkage : Error<
+  "the host cannot update a declare target variable that is not externally visible.">;
 def err_omp_usedeviceptr_not_a_pointer : Error<
   "expected pointer or reference to pointer in 'use_device_ptr' clause">;
 def err_omp_argument_type_isdeviceptr : Error <
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOpenMP.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOpenMP.cpp
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOpenMP.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaOpenMP.cpp
@@ -12673,6 +12673,26 @@
   return hasClauses(Clauses, K) || hasClauses(Clauses, ClauseTypes...);
 }
 
+/// Check if the variables in the mapping clause are externally visible.
+static bool isClauseMappable(ArrayRef<OMPClause *> Clauses) {
+  for (const OMPClause *C : Clauses) {
+    if (auto *TC = dyn_cast<OMPToClause>(C))
+      return llvm::all_of(TC->all_decls(), [](ValueDecl *VD) {
+        return !VD || !VD->hasAttr<OMPDeclareTargetDeclAttr>() ||
+               (VD->isExternallyVisible() &&
+                VD->getVisibility() != HiddenVisibility);
+      });
+    else if (auto *FC = dyn_cast<OMPFromClause>(C))
+      return llvm::all_of(FC->all_decls(), [](ValueDecl *VD) {
+        return !VD || !VD->hasAttr<OMPDeclareTargetDeclAttr>() ||
+               (VD->isExternallyVisible() &&
+                VD->getVisibility() != HiddenVisibility);
+      });
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
 StmtResult Sema::ActOnOpenMPTargetDataDirective(ArrayRef<OMPClause *> Clauses,
                                                 Stmt *AStmt,
                                                 SourceLocation StartLoc,
@@ -12806,6 +12826,12 @@
     Diag(StartLoc, diag::err_omp_at_least_one_motion_clause_required);
     return StmtError();
   }
+
+  if (!isClauseMappable(Clauses)) {
+    Diag(StartLoc, diag::err_omp_cannot_update_with_internal_linkage);
+    return StmtError();
+  }
+
   return OMPTargetUpdateDirective::Create(Context, StartLoc, EndLoc, Clauses,
                                           AStmt);
 }
diff --git a/clang/test/OpenMP/target_update_messages.cpp b/clang/test/OpenMP/target_update_messages.cpp
--- a/clang/test/OpenMP/target_update_messages.cpp
+++ b/clang/test/OpenMP/target_update_messages.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,20 @@
   argc = x; // expected-warning {{variable 'x' is uninitialized when used here}}
 }
 
+static int y;
+#pragma omp declare target(y)
+
+void yyy() {
+#pragma omp target update to(y) // expected-error {{the host cannot update a declare target variable that is not externally visible.}}
+}
+
+int __attribute__((visibility("hidden"))) z;
+#pragma omp declare target(z)
+
+void zzz() {
+#pragma omp target update from(z) // expected-error {{the host cannot update a declare target variable that is not externally visible.}}
+}
+
 void foo() {
 }