diff --git a/flang/test/Lower/explicit-interface-results-2.f90 b/flang/test/Lower/explicit-interface-results-2.f90
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/flang/test/Lower/explicit-interface-results-2.f90
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+! Test lowering of internal procedures returning arrays or characters.
+! This test allocation on the caller side of the results that may depend on
+! host associated symbols.
+! RUN: bbc %s -o - | FileCheck %s
+
+module some_module
+ integer :: n_module
+end module
+
+! Test host calling array internal procedure.
+! Result depends on host variable.
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QPhost1
+subroutine host1()
+  implicit none
+  integer :: n
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_1:.*]] = fir.alloca i32
+  call takes_array(return_array())
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_4:.*]] = fir.load %[[VAL_1]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_5:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_4]] : (i32) -> index
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_6:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<?xf32>, %[[VAL_5]] {bindc_name = ".result"}
+contains
+  function return_array()
+    real :: return_array(n)
+  end function
+end subroutine
+
+! Test host calling array internal procedure.
+! Result depends on module variable with the use statement inside the host.
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QPhost2
+subroutine host2()
+  use :: some_module
+  call takes_array(return_array())
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_0:.*]] = fir.address_of(@_QMsome_moduleEn_module) : !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_1:.*]] = fir.load %[[VAL_0]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_2:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_1]] : (i32) -> index
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_3:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<?xf32>, %[[VAL_2]] {bindc_name = ".result"}
+contains
+  function return_array()
+    real :: return_array(n_module)
+  end function
+end subroutine
+
+! Test host calling array internal procedure.
+! Result depends on module variable with the use statement inside the internal procedure.
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QPhost3
+subroutine host3()
+  call takes_array(return_array())
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_0:.*]] = fir.address_of(@_QMsome_moduleEn_module) : !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_1:.*]] = fir.load %[[VAL_0]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_2:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_1]] : (i32) -> index
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_3:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<?xf32>, %[[VAL_2]] {bindc_name = ".result"}
+contains
+  function return_array()
+    use :: some_module
+    real :: return_array(n_module)
+  end function
+end subroutine
+
+! Test internal procedure A calling array internal procedure B.
+! Result depends on host variable not directly used in A.
+subroutine host4()
+  implicit none
+  integer :: n
+  call internal_proc_a()
+contains
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QFhost4Pinternal_proc_a
+! CHECK-SAME:  %[[VAL_0:.*]]: !fir.ref<tuple<!fir.ref<i32>>> {fir.host_assoc}) {
+  subroutine internal_proc_a()
+    call takes_array(return_array())
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_1:.*]] = arith.constant 0 : i32
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_2:.*]] = fir.coordinate_of %[[VAL_0]], %[[VAL_1]] : (!fir.ref<tuple<!fir.ref<i32>>>, i32) -> !fir.llvm_ptr<!fir.ref<i32>>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_3:.*]] = fir.load %[[VAL_2]] : !fir.llvm_ptr<!fir.ref<i32>>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_4:.*]] = fir.load %[[VAL_3]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_5:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_4]] : (i32) -> index
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_6:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<?xf32>, %[[VAL_5]] {bindc_name = ".result"}
+  end subroutine
+  function return_array()
+    real :: return_array(n)
+  end function
+end subroutine
+
+! Test internal procedure A calling array internal procedure B.
+! Result depends on module variable with use statement in the host.
+subroutine host5()
+  use :: some_module
+  implicit none
+  call internal_proc_a()
+contains
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QFhost5Pinternal_proc_a() {
+  subroutine internal_proc_a()
+    call takes_array(return_array())
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_0:.*]] = fir.address_of(@_QMsome_moduleEn_module) : !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_1:.*]] = fir.load %[[VAL_0]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_2:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_1]] : (i32) -> index
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_3:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<?xf32>, %[[VAL_2]] {bindc_name = ".result"}
+  end subroutine
+  function return_array()
+    real :: return_array(n_module)
+  end function
+end subroutine
+
+! Test internal procedure A calling array internal procedure B.
+! Result depends on module variable with use statement in B.
+subroutine host6()
+  implicit none
+  call internal_proc_a()
+contains
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QFhost6Pinternal_proc_a
+  subroutine internal_proc_a()
+    call takes_array(return_array())
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_0:.*]] = fir.address_of(@_QMsome_moduleEn_module) : !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_1:.*]] = fir.load %[[VAL_0]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_2:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_1]] : (i32) -> index
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_3:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<?xf32>, %[[VAL_2]] {bindc_name = ".result"}
+  end subroutine
+  function return_array()
+    use :: some_module
+    real :: return_array(n_module)
+  end function
+end subroutine
+
+! Test host calling array internal procedure.
+! Result depends on a common block variable declared in the host.
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QPhost7
+subroutine host7()
+  implicit none
+  integer :: n_common
+  common /mycom/ n_common
+  call takes_array(return_array())
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_0:.*]] = arith.constant 0 : index
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_2:.*]] = fir.address_of(@_QBmycom) : !fir.ref<!fir.array<4xi8>>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_3:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_2]] : (!fir.ref<!fir.array<4xi8>>) -> !fir.ref<!fir.array<?xi8>>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_4:.*]] = fir.coordinate_of %[[VAL_3]], %[[VAL_0]] : (!fir.ref<!fir.array<?xi8>>, index) -> !fir.ref<i8>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_5:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_4]] : (!fir.ref<i8>) -> !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_8:.*]] = fir.load %[[VAL_5]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_9:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_8]] : (i32) -> index
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_10:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<?xf32>, %[[VAL_9]] {bindc_name = ".result"}
+contains
+  function return_array()
+    real :: return_array(n_common)
+  end function
+end subroutine
+
+! Test host calling array internal procedure.
+! Result depends on a common block variable declared in the internal procedure.
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QPhost8
+subroutine host8()
+  implicit none
+  call takes_array(return_array())
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_0:.*]] = arith.constant 0 : index
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_1:.*]] = fir.address_of(@_QBmycom) : !fir.ref<!fir.array<4xi8>>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_2:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_1]] : (!fir.ref<!fir.array<4xi8>>) -> !fir.ref<!fir.array<?xi8>>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_3:.*]] = fir.coordinate_of %[[VAL_2]], %[[VAL_0]] : (!fir.ref<!fir.array<?xi8>>, index) -> !fir.ref<i8>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_4:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_3]] : (!fir.ref<i8>) -> !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_5:.*]] = fir.load %[[VAL_4]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_6:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_5]] : (i32) -> index
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_7:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<?xf32>, %[[VAL_6]] {bindc_name = ".result"}
+contains
+  function return_array()
+    integer :: n_common
+    common /mycom/ n_common
+    real :: return_array(n_common)
+  end function
+end subroutine
+
+! Test internal procedure A calling array internal procedure B.
+! Result depends on a common block variable declared in the host.
+! Note that the current implementation captures the common block variable
+! address, even though it could recompute it in the internal procedure.
+subroutine host9()
+  implicit none
+  integer :: n_common
+  common /mycom/ n_common
+  call internal_proc_a()
+contains
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QFhost9Pinternal_proc_a
+! CHECK-SAME:  %[[VAL_0:.*]]: !fir.ref<tuple<!fir.ref<i32>>> {fir.host_assoc}) {
+  subroutine internal_proc_a()
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_1:.*]] = arith.constant 0 : i32
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_2:.*]] = fir.coordinate_of %[[VAL_0]], %[[VAL_1]] : (!fir.ref<tuple<!fir.ref<i32>>>, i32) -> !fir.llvm_ptr<!fir.ref<i32>>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_3:.*]] = fir.load %[[VAL_2]] : !fir.llvm_ptr<!fir.ref<i32>>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_4:.*]] = fir.load %[[VAL_3]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_5:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_4]] : (i32) -> index
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_6:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<?xf32>, %[[VAL_5]] {bindc_name = ".result"}
+    call takes_array(return_array())
+  end subroutine
+  function return_array()
+    use :: some_module
+    real :: return_array(n_common)
+  end function
+end subroutine
+
+! Test internal procedure A calling array internal procedure B.
+! Result depends on a common block variable declared in B.
+subroutine host10()
+  implicit none
+  call internal_proc_a()
+contains
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QFhost10Pinternal_proc_a
+  subroutine internal_proc_a()
+    call takes_array(return_array())
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_0:.*]] = arith.constant 0 : index
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_1:.*]] = fir.address_of(@_QBmycom) : !fir.ref<!fir.array<4xi8>>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_2:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_1]] : (!fir.ref<!fir.array<4xi8>>) -> !fir.ref<!fir.array<?xi8>>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_3:.*]] = fir.coordinate_of %[[VAL_2]], %[[VAL_0]] : (!fir.ref<!fir.array<?xi8>>, index) -> !fir.ref<i8>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_4:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_3]] : (!fir.ref<i8>) -> !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_5:.*]] = fir.load %[[VAL_4]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_6:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_5]] : (i32) -> index
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_7:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<?xf32>, %[[VAL_6]] {bindc_name = ".result"}
+  end subroutine
+  function return_array()
+    integer :: n_common
+    common /mycom/ n_common
+    real :: return_array(n_common)
+  end function
+end subroutine
+
+
+! Test call to a function returning an array where the interface is use
+! associated from a module.
+module define_interface
+contains
+function foo()
+  real :: foo(100)
+  foo = 42
+end function
+end module
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QPtest_call_to_used_interface(
+! CHECK-SAME:  %[[VAL_0:.*]]: !fir.boxproc<() -> ()>) {
+subroutine test_call_to_used_interface(dummy_proc)
+  use define_interface
+  procedure(foo) :: dummy_proc
+  call takes_array(dummy_proc())
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_1:.*]] = arith.constant 100 : index
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_2:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<100xf32> {bindc_name = ".result"}
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_3:.*]] = fir.call @llvm.stacksave() : () -> !fir.ref<i8>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_4:.*]] = fir.shape %[[VAL_1]] : (index) -> !fir.shape<1>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_5:.*]] = fir.box_addr %[[VAL_0]] : (!fir.boxproc<() -> ()>) -> (() -> !fir.array<100xf32>)
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_6:.*]] = fir.call %[[VAL_5]]() : () -> !fir.array<100xf32>
+! CHECK:  fir.save_result %[[VAL_6]] to %[[VAL_2]](%[[VAL_4]]) : !fir.array<100xf32>, !fir.ref<!fir.array<100xf32>>, !fir.shape<1>
+! CHECK:  %[[VAL_7:.*]] = fir.convert %[[VAL_2]] : (!fir.ref<!fir.array<100xf32>>) -> !fir.ref<!fir.array<?xf32>>
+! CHECK:  fir.call @_QPtakes_array(%[[VAL_7]]) : (!fir.ref<!fir.array<?xf32>>) -> ()
+! CHECK:  fir.call @llvm.stackrestore(%[[VAL_3]]) : (!fir.ref<i8>) -> ()
+end subroutine
diff --git a/flang/test/Lower/explicit-interface-results.f90 b/flang/test/Lower/explicit-interface-results.f90
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/flang/test/Lower/explicit-interface-results.f90
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+! RUN: bbc -emit-fir %s -o - | FileCheck %s
+
+module callee
+implicit none
+contains
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcalleePreturn_cst_array() -> !fir.array<20x30xf32>
+function return_cst_array()
+  real :: return_cst_array(20, 30)
+end function
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcalleePreturn_dyn_array(
+! CHECK-SAME: %{{.*}}: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}, %{{.*}}: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}) -> !fir.array<?x?xf32>
+function return_dyn_array(m, n)
+  integer :: m, n
+  real :: return_dyn_array(m, n)
+end function
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcalleePreturn_cst_char_cst_array() -> !fir.array<20x30x!fir.char<1,10>>
+function return_cst_char_cst_array()
+  character(10) :: return_cst_char_cst_array(20, 30)
+end function
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcalleePreturn_dyn_char_cst_array(
+! CHECK-SAME: %{{.*}}: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}) -> !fir.array<20x30x!fir.char<1,?>>
+function return_dyn_char_cst_array(l)
+  integer :: l
+  character(l) :: return_dyn_char_cst_array(20, 30)
+end function
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcalleePreturn_cst_char_dyn_array(
+! CHECK-SAME: %{{.*}}: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}, %{{.*}}: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}) -> !fir.array<?x?x!fir.char<1,10>>
+function return_cst_char_dyn_array(m, n)
+  integer :: m, n
+  character(10) :: return_cst_char_dyn_array(m, n)
+end function
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcalleePreturn_dyn_char_dyn_array(
+! CHECK-SAME: %{{.*}}: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}, %{{.*}}: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}, %{{.*}}: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}) -> !fir.array<?x?x!fir.char<1,?>>
+function return_dyn_char_dyn_array(l, m, n)
+  integer :: l, m, n
+  character(l) :: return_dyn_char_dyn_array(m, n)
+end function
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcalleePreturn_alloc() -> !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?xf32>>>
+function return_alloc()
+  real, allocatable :: return_alloc(:)
+end function
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcalleePreturn_cst_char_alloc() -> !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,10>>>>
+function return_cst_char_alloc()
+  character(10), allocatable :: return_cst_char_alloc(:)
+end function
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcalleePreturn_dyn_char_alloc(
+! CHECK-SAME: %{{.*}}: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}) -> !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>
+function return_dyn_char_alloc(l)
+  integer :: l
+  character(l), allocatable :: return_dyn_char_alloc(:)
+end function
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcalleePreturn_def_char_alloc() -> !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>
+function return_def_char_alloc()
+  character(:), allocatable :: return_def_char_alloc(:)
+end function
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcalleePreturn_pointer() -> !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?xf32>>>
+function return_pointer()
+  real, pointer :: return_pointer(:)
+end function
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcalleePreturn_cst_char_pointer() -> !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,10>>>>
+function return_cst_char_pointer()
+  character(10), pointer :: return_cst_char_pointer(:)
+end function
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcalleePreturn_dyn_char_pointer(
+! CHECK-SAME: %{{.*}}: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}) -> !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>
+function return_dyn_char_pointer(l)
+  integer :: l
+  character(l), pointer :: return_dyn_char_pointer(:)
+end function
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcalleePreturn_def_char_pointer() -> !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>
+function return_def_char_pointer()
+  character(:), pointer :: return_def_char_pointer(:)
+end function
+end module
+
+module caller
+  use callee
+contains
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcallerPcst_array()
+subroutine cst_array()
+  ! CHECK: %[[alloc:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<20x30xf32> {{{.*}}bindc_name = ".result"}
+  ! CHECK: %[[shape:.*]] = fir.shape %{{.*}}, {{.*}} : (index, index) -> !fir.shape<2>
+  ! CHECK: %[[res:.*]] = fir.call @_QMcalleePreturn_cst_array() : () -> !fir.array<20x30xf32>
+  ! CHECK: fir.save_result %[[res]] to %[[alloc]](%[[shape]]) : !fir.array<20x30xf32>, !fir.ref<!fir.array<20x30xf32>>, !fir.shape<2>
+  print *, return_cst_array()
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcallerPcst_char_cst_array()
+subroutine cst_char_cst_array()
+  ! CHECK: %[[alloc:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<20x30x!fir.char<1,10>> {{{.*}}bindc_name = ".result"}
+  ! CHECK: %[[shape:.*]] = fir.shape %{{.*}}, {{.*}} : (index, index) -> !fir.shape<2>
+  ! CHECK: %[[res:.*]] = fir.call @_QMcalleePreturn_cst_char_cst_array() : () -> !fir.array<20x30x!fir.char<1,10>>
+  ! CHECK: fir.save_result %[[res]] to %[[alloc]](%[[shape]]) typeparams %{{.*}} : !fir.array<20x30x!fir.char<1,10>>, !fir.ref<!fir.array<20x30x!fir.char<1,10>>>, !fir.shape<2>, index
+  print *, return_cst_char_cst_array()
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcallerPalloc()
+subroutine alloc()
+  ! CHECK: %[[alloc:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?xf32>>> {{{.*}}bindc_name = ".result"}
+  ! CHECK: %[[res:.*]] = fir.call @_QMcalleePreturn_alloc() : () -> !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?xf32>>>
+  ! CHECK: fir.save_result %[[res]] to %[[alloc]] : !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?xf32>>>, !fir.ref<!fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?xf32>>>>
+  print *, return_alloc()
+  ! CHECK: _FortranAioOutputDescriptor
+  ! CHECK: %[[load:.*]] = fir.load %[[alloc]] : !fir.ref<!fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?xf32>>>>
+  ! CHECK: %[[addr:.*]] = fir.box_addr %[[load]] : (!fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?xf32>>>) -> !fir.heap<!fir.array<?xf32>>
+  ! CHECK: %[[cmpi:.*]] = arith.cmpi
+  ! CHECK: fir.if %[[cmpi]]
+  ! CHECK: fir.freemem %[[addr]]
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcallerPcst_char_alloc()
+subroutine cst_char_alloc()
+  ! CHECK: %[[alloc:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,10>>>> {{{.*}}bindc_name = ".result"}
+  ! CHECK: %[[res:.*]] = fir.call @_QMcalleePreturn_cst_char_alloc() : () -> !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,10>>>>
+  ! CHECK: fir.save_result %[[res]] to %[[alloc]] : !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,10>>>>, !fir.ref<!fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,10>>>>>
+  print *, return_cst_char_alloc()
+  ! CHECK: _FortranAioOutputDescriptor
+  ! CHECK: %[[load:.*]] = fir.load %[[alloc]] : !fir.ref<!fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,10>>>>>
+  ! CHECK: %[[addr:.*]] = fir.box_addr %[[load]] : (!fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,10>>>>) -> !fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,10>>>
+  ! CHECK: %[[cmpi:.*]] = arith.cmpi
+  ! CHECK: fir.if %[[cmpi]]
+  ! CHECK: fir.freemem %[[addr]]
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcallerPdef_char_alloc()
+subroutine def_char_alloc()
+  ! CHECK: %[[alloc:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>> {{{.*}}bindc_name = ".result"}
+  ! CHECK: %[[res:.*]] = fir.call @_QMcalleePreturn_def_char_alloc() : () -> !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>
+  ! CHECK: fir.save_result %[[res]] to %[[alloc]] : !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>, !fir.ref<!fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>>
+  print *, return_def_char_alloc()
+  ! CHECK: _FortranAioOutputDescriptor
+  ! CHECK: %[[load:.*]] = fir.load %[[alloc]] : !fir.ref<!fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>>
+  ! CHECK: %[[addr:.*]] = fir.box_addr %[[load]] : (!fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>) -> !fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>
+  ! CHECK: %[[cmpi:.*]] = arith.cmpi
+  ! CHECK: fir.if %[[cmpi]]
+  ! CHECK: fir.freemem %[[addr]]
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcallerPpointer_test()
+subroutine pointer_test()
+  ! CHECK: %[[alloc:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?xf32>>> {{{.*}}bindc_name = ".result"}
+  ! CHECK: %[[res:.*]] = fir.call @_QMcalleePreturn_pointer() : () -> !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?xf32>>>
+  ! CHECK: fir.save_result %[[res]] to %[[alloc]] : !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?xf32>>>, !fir.ref<!fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?xf32>>>>
+  print *, return_pointer()
+  ! CHECK-NOT: fir.freemem
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcallerPcst_char_pointer()
+subroutine cst_char_pointer()
+  ! CHECK: %[[alloc:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,10>>>> {{{.*}}bindc_name = ".result"}
+  ! CHECK: %[[res:.*]] = fir.call @_QMcalleePreturn_cst_char_pointer() : () -> !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,10>>>>
+  ! CHECK: fir.save_result %[[res]] to %[[alloc]] : !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,10>>>>, !fir.ref<!fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,10>>>>>
+  print *, return_cst_char_pointer()
+  ! CHECK-NOT: fir.freemem
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcallerPdef_char_pointer()
+subroutine def_char_pointer()
+  ! CHECK: %[[alloc:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>> {{{.*}}bindc_name = ".result"}
+  ! CHECK: %[[res:.*]] = fir.call @_QMcalleePreturn_def_char_pointer() : () -> !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>
+  ! CHECK: fir.save_result %[[res]] to %[[alloc]] : !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>, !fir.ref<!fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>>
+  print *, return_def_char_pointer()
+  ! CHECK-NOT: fir.freemem
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcallerPdyn_array(
+! CHECK-SAME: %[[m:.*]]: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}, %[[n:.*]]: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}) {
+subroutine dyn_array(m, n)
+  integer :: m, n
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[mload:.*]] = fir.load %[[m]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[mcast:.*]] = fir.convert %[[mload]] : (i32) -> i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[msub:.*]] = arith.subi %[[mcast]], %c1{{.*}} : i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[madd:.*]] = arith.addi %[[msub]], %c1{{.*}} : i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[mcast2:.*]] = fir.convert %[[madd]] : (i64) -> index
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[nload:.*]] = fir.load %[[n]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[ncast:.*]] = fir.convert %[[nload]] : (i32) -> i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[nsub:.*]] = arith.subi %[[ncast]], %c1{{.*}} : i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[nadd:.*]] = arith.addi %[[nsub]], %c1{{.*}} : i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[ncast2:.*]] = fir.convert %[[nadd]] : (i64) -> index
+  ! CHECK: %[[tmp:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<?x?xf32>, %[[mcast2]], %[[ncast2]]
+  ! CHECK: %[[shape:.*]] = fir.shape %[[mcast2]], %[[ncast2]] : (index, index) -> !fir.shape<2>
+  ! CHECK: %[[res:.*]] = fir.call @_QMcalleePreturn_dyn_array(%[[m]], %[[n]]) : (!fir.ref<i32>, !fir.ref<i32>) -> !fir.array<?x?xf32>
+  ! CHECK: fir.save_result %[[res]] to %[[tmp]](%[[shape]]) : !fir.array<?x?xf32>, !fir.ref<!fir.array<?x?xf32>>, !fir.shape<2>
+  print *, return_dyn_array(m, n)
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcallerPdyn_char_cst_array(
+! CHECK-SAME: %[[l:.*]]: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}) {
+subroutine dyn_char_cst_array(l)
+  integer :: l
+  ! CHECK: %[[lload:.*]] = fir.load %[[l]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+  ! CHECK: %[[lcast:.*]] = fir.convert %[[lload]] : (i32) -> i64
+  ! CHECK: %[[lcast2:.*]] = fir.convert %[[lcast]] : (i64) -> index
+  ! CHECK: %[[tmp:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<20x30x!fir.char<1,?>>(%[[lcast2]] : index)
+  ! CHECK: %[[shape:.*]] = fir.shape %{{.*}}, %{{.*}} : (index, index) -> !fir.shape<2>
+  ! CHECK: %[[res:.*]] = fir.call @_QMcalleePreturn_dyn_char_cst_array(%[[l]]) : (!fir.ref<i32>) -> !fir.array<20x30x!fir.char<1,?>>
+  ! CHECK: fir.save_result %[[res]] to %[[tmp]](%[[shape]]) typeparams %[[lcast2]] : !fir.array<20x30x!fir.char<1,?>>, !fir.ref<!fir.array<20x30x!fir.char<1,?>>>, !fir.shape<2>, index
+  print *, return_dyn_char_cst_array(l)
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcallerPcst_char_dyn_array(
+! CHECK-SAME: %[[m:.*]]: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}, %[[n:.*]]: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}) {
+subroutine cst_char_dyn_array(m, n)
+  integer :: m, n
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[mload:.*]] = fir.load %[[m]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[mcast:.*]] = fir.convert %[[mload]] : (i32) -> i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[msub:.*]] = arith.subi %[[mcast]], %c1{{.*}} : i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[madd:.*]] = arith.addi %[[msub]], %c1{{.*}} : i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[mcast2:.*]] = fir.convert %[[madd]] : (i64) -> index
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[nload:.*]] = fir.load %[[n]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[ncast:.*]] = fir.convert %[[nload]] : (i32) -> i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[nsub:.*]] = arith.subi %[[ncast]], %c1{{.*}} : i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[nadd:.*]] = arith.addi %[[nsub]], %c1{{.*}} : i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[ncast2:.*]] = fir.convert %[[nadd]] : (i64) -> index
+  ! CHECK: %[[tmp:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<?x?x!fir.char<1,10>>, %[[mcast2]], %[[ncast2]]
+  ! CHECK: %[[shape:.*]] = fir.shape %[[mcast2]], %[[ncast2]] : (index, index) -> !fir.shape<2>
+  ! CHECK: %[[res:.*]] = fir.call @_QMcalleePreturn_cst_char_dyn_array(%[[m]], %[[n]]) : (!fir.ref<i32>, !fir.ref<i32>) -> !fir.array<?x?x!fir.char<1,10>>
+  ! CHECK: fir.save_result %[[res]] to %[[tmp]](%[[shape]]) typeparams {{.*}} : !fir.array<?x?x!fir.char<1,10>>, !fir.ref<!fir.array<?x?x!fir.char<1,10>>>, !fir.shape<2>, index
+  print *, return_cst_char_dyn_array(m, n)
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QMcallerPdyn_char_dyn_array(
+! CHECK-SAME: %[[l:.*]]: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}, %[[m:.*]]: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}, %[[n:.*]]: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}) {
+subroutine dyn_char_dyn_array(l, m, n)
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[mload:.*]] = fir.load %[[m]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[mcast:.*]] = fir.convert %[[mload]] : (i32) -> i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[msub:.*]] = arith.subi %[[mcast]], %c1{{.*}} : i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[madd:.*]] = arith.addi %[[msub]], %c1{{.*}} : i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[mcast2:.*]] = fir.convert %[[madd]] : (i64) -> index
+
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[nload:.*]] = fir.load %[[n]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[ncast:.*]] = fir.convert %[[nload]] : (i32) -> i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[nsub:.*]] = arith.subi %[[ncast]], %c1{{.*}} : i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[nadd:.*]] = arith.addi %[[nsub]], %c1{{.*}} : i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[ncast2:.*]] = fir.convert %[[nadd]] : (i64) -> index
+
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[lload:.*]] = fir.load %[[l]] : !fir.ref<i32>
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[lcast:.*]] = fir.convert %[[lload]] : (i32) -> i64
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[lcast2:.*]] = fir.convert %[[lcast]] : (i64) -> index
+  ! CHECK: %[[tmp:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<?x?x!fir.char<1,?>>(%[[lcast2]] : index), %[[mcast2]], %[[ncast2]]
+  ! CHECK: %[[shape:.*]] = fir.shape %[[mcast2]], %[[ncast2]] : (index, index) -> !fir.shape<2>
+  ! CHECK: %[[res:.*]] = fir.call @_QMcalleePreturn_dyn_char_dyn_array(%[[l]], %[[m]], %[[n]]) : (!fir.ref<i32>, !fir.ref<i32>, !fir.ref<i32>) -> !fir.array<?x?x!fir.char<1,?>>
+  ! CHECK: fir.save_result %[[res]] to %[[tmp]](%[[shape]]) typeparams {{.*}} : !fir.array<?x?x!fir.char<1,?>>, !fir.ref<!fir.array<?x?x!fir.char<1,?>>>, !fir.shape<2>, index
+  integer :: l, m, n
+  print *, return_dyn_char_dyn_array(l, m, n)
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: @_QMcallerPdyn_char_alloc
+subroutine dyn_char_alloc(l)
+  integer :: l
+  ! CHECK: %[[alloc:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>> {{{.*}}bindc_name = ".result"}
+  ! CHECK: %[[res:.*]] = fir.call @_QMcalleePreturn_dyn_char_alloc({{.*}}) : (!fir.ref<i32>) -> !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>
+  ! CHECK: fir.save_result %[[res]] to %[[alloc]] : !fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>, !fir.ref<!fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>>
+  print *, return_dyn_char_alloc(l)
+  ! CHECK: _FortranAioOutputDescriptor
+  ! CHECK: %[[load:.*]] = fir.load %[[alloc]] : !fir.ref<!fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>>
+  ! CHECK: %[[addr:.*]] = fir.box_addr %[[load]] : (!fir.box<!fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>) -> !fir.heap<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>
+  ! CHECK: %[[cmpi:.*]] = arith.cmpi
+  ! CHECK: fir.if %[[cmpi]]
+  ! CHECK: fir.freemem %[[addr]]
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: @_QMcallerPdyn_char_pointer
+subroutine dyn_char_pointer(l)
+  integer :: l
+  ! CHECK: %[[alloc:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>> {{{.*}}bindc_name = ".result"}
+  ! CHECK: %[[res:.*]] = fir.call @_QMcalleePreturn_dyn_char_pointer({{.*}}) : (!fir.ref<i32>) -> !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>
+  ! CHECK: fir.save_result %[[res]] to %[[alloc]] : !fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>, !fir.ref<!fir.box<!fir.ptr<!fir.array<?x!fir.char<1,?>>>>>
+  print *, return_dyn_char_pointer(l)
+  ! CHECK-NOT: fir.freemem
+end subroutine
+
+end module
+
+
+! Test more complex symbol dependencies in the result specification expression
+
+module m_with_equiv
+  integer(8) :: l
+  integer(8) :: array(3)
+  equivalence (array(2), l)
+contains
+  function result_depends_on_equiv_sym()
+    character(l) :: result_depends_on_equiv_sym
+    call set_result_with_some_value(result_depends_on_equiv_sym)
+  end function  
+end module
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QPtest_result_depends_on_equiv_sym
+subroutine test_result_depends_on_equiv_sym()
+  use m_with_equiv, only : result_depends_on_equiv_sym
+  ! CHECK: %[[equiv:.*]] = fir.address_of(@_QMm_with_equivEarray) : !fir.ref<!fir.array<24xi8>>
+  ! CHECK: %[[coor:.*]] = fir.coordinate_of %[[equiv]], %c{{.*}} : (!fir.ref<!fir.array<24xi8>>, index) -> !fir.ref<i8>
+  ! CHECK: %[[l:.*]] = fir.convert %[[coor]] : (!fir.ref<i8>) -> !fir.ptr<i64>
+  ! CHECK: %[[load:.*]] = fir.load %[[l]] : !fir.ptr<i64>
+  ! CHECK: %[[lcast:.*]] = fir.convert %[[load]] : (i64) -> index
+  ! CHECK: fir.alloca !fir.char<1,?>(%[[lcast]] : index)
+  print *, result_depends_on_equiv_sym()
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QPtest_depends_on_descriptor(
+! CHECK-SAME: %[[x:.*]]: !fir.box<!fir.array<?xf32>>{{.*}}) {
+subroutine test_depends_on_descriptor(x)
+  interface
+    function depends_on_descriptor(x)
+      real :: x(:)
+      character(size(x,1, KIND=8)) :: depends_on_descriptor
+    end function
+  end interface
+  real :: x(:)
+  ! CHECK: %[[dims:.*]]:3 = fir.box_dims %arg0, %c0 : (!fir.box<!fir.array<?xf32>>, index) -> (index, index, index)
+  ! CHECK: %[[extentCast:.*]] = fir.convert %[[dims]]#1 : (index) -> i64
+  ! CHECK: %[[extent:.*]] = fir.convert %[[extentCast]] : (i64) -> index
+  ! CHECK: fir.alloca !fir.char<1,?>(%[[extent]] : index)
+  print *, depends_on_descriptor(x)
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QPtest_symbol_indirection(
+! CHECK-SAME: %[[n:.*]]: !fir.ref<i64>{{.*}}) {
+subroutine test_symbol_indirection(n)
+  interface
+    function symbol_indirection(c, n)
+      integer(8) :: n
+      character(n) :: c
+      character(len(c, KIND=8)) :: symbol_indirection
+    end function
+  end interface
+  integer(8) :: n
+  character(n) :: c
+  ! CHECK: BeginExternalListOutput
+  ! CHECK: %[[nload:.*]] = fir.load %[[n]] : !fir.ref<i64>
+  ! CHECK: %[[n_is_positive:.*]] = arith.cmpi sgt, %[[nload]], %c0{{.*}} : i64
+  ! CHECK: %[[len:.*]] = arith.select %[[n_is_positive]], %[[nload]], %c0{{.*}} : i64
+  ! CHECK: %[[len_cast:.*]] = fir.convert %[[len]] : (i64) -> index
+  ! CHECK: fir.alloca !fir.char<1,?>(%[[len_cast]] : index)
+  print *, symbol_indirection(c, n)
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QPtest_recursion(
+! CHECK-SAME: %[[res:.*]]: !fir.ref<!fir.char<1,?>>{{.*}}, %[[resLen:.*]]: index{{.*}}, %[[n:.*]]: !fir.ref<i64>{{.*}}) -> !fir.boxchar<1> {
+function test_recursion(n) result(res)
+  integer(8) :: n
+  character(n) :: res
+  ! some_local is here to verify that local symbols that are visible in the
+  ! function interface are not instantiated by accident (that only the
+  ! symbols needed for the result are instantiated before the call).
+  ! CHECK: fir.alloca !fir.array<?xi32>, {{.*}}some_local
+  ! CHECK-NOT: fir.alloca !fir.array<?xi32>
+  integer :: some_local(n)
+  some_local(0) = n + 64
+  if (n.eq.1) then
+    res = char(some_local(0))
+  ! CHECK: else
+  else 
+    ! CHECK-NOT: fir.alloca !fir.array<?xi32>
+
+    ! verify that the actual argument for symbol n ("n-1") is used to allocate
+    ! the result, and not the local value of symbol n.
+
+    ! CHECK: %[[nLoad:.*]] = fir.load %[[n]] : !fir.ref<i64>
+    ! CHECK: %[[sub:.*]] = arith.subi %[[nLoad]], %c1{{.*}} : i64
+    ! CHECK: fir.store %[[sub]] to %[[nInCall:.*]] : !fir.ref<i64>
+
+    ! CHECK-NOT: fir.alloca !fir.array<?xi32>
+
+    ! CHECK: %[[nInCallLoad:.*]] = fir.load %[[nInCall]] : !fir.ref<i64>
+    ! CHECK: %[[nInCallCast:.*]] = fir.convert %[[nInCallLoad]] : (i64) -> index
+    ! CHECK: %[[tmp:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.char<1,?>(%[[nInCallCast]] : index)
+
+    ! CHECK-NOT: fir.alloca !fir.array<?xi32>
+    ! CHECK: fir.call @_QPtest_recursion(%[[tmp]], {{.*}}
+    res = char(some_local(0)) // test_recursion(n-1)
+
+    ! Verify that symbol n was not remapped to the actual argument passed
+    ! to n in the call (that the temporary mapping was cleaned-up).
+
+    ! CHECK: %[[nLoad2:.*]] = fir.load %[[n]] : !fir.ref<i64>
+    ! CHECK: OutputInteger64(%{{.*}}, %[[nLoad2]])
+    print *, n
+  end if
+end function
+
+! Test call to character function for which only the result type is explicit
+! CHECK-LABEL:func @_QPtest_not_entirely_explicit_interface(
+! CHECK-SAME: %[[n_arg:.*]]: !fir.ref<i64>{{.*}}) {
+subroutine test_not_entirely_explicit_interface(n)
+  integer(8) :: n
+  character(n) :: return_dyn_char_2
+  print *, return_dyn_char_2(10)
+  ! CHECK: %[[n:.*]] = fir.load %[[n_arg]] : !fir.ref<i64>
+  ! CHECK: %[[len:.*]] = fir.convert %[[n]] : (i64) -> index
+  ! CHECK: %[[result:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.char<1,?>(%[[len]] : index) {bindc_name = ".result"}
+  ! CHECK: fir.call @_QPreturn_dyn_char_2(%[[result]], %[[len]], %{{.*}}) : (!fir.ref<!fir.char<1,?>>, index, !fir.ref<i32>) -> !fir.boxchar<1>
+end subroutine
diff --git a/flang/test/Lower/implicit-interface.f90 b/flang/test/Lower/implicit-interface.f90
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/flang/test/Lower/implicit-interface.f90
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+! RUN: bbc -emit-fir %s -o - | FileCheck %s
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QPchar_return_callee(
+! CHECK-SAME: %{{.*}}: !fir.ref<!fir.char<1,10>>{{.*}}, %{{.*}}: index{{.*}}, %{{.*}}: !fir.ref<i32>{{.*}}) -> !fir.boxchar<1> {
+function char_return_callee(i)
+  character(10) :: char_return_callee
+  integer :: i
+end function
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: @_QPtest_char_return_caller()
+subroutine test_char_return_caller
+  character(10) :: char_return_caller
+  ! CHECK: fir.call @_QPchar_return_caller({{.*}}) : (!fir.ref<!fir.char<1,10>>, index, !fir.ref<i32>) -> !fir.boxchar<1>
+  print *, char_return_caller(5)
+end subroutine
+
+! CHECK-LABEL: func @_QPtest_passing_char_array()
+subroutine test_passing_char_array
+  character(len=3) :: x(4)
+  call sub_taking_a_char_array(x)
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[xarray:.*]] = fir.alloca !fir.array<4x!fir.char<1,3>>
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[c3:.*]] = arith.constant 3 : index
+  ! CHECK-DAG: %[[xbuff:.*]] = fir.convert %[[xarray]] : (!fir.ref<!fir.array<4x!fir.char<1,3>>>) -> !fir.ref<!fir.char<1,?>>
+  ! CHECK: %[[boxchar:.*]] = fir.emboxchar %[[xbuff]], %[[c3]] : (!fir.ref<!fir.char<1,?>>, index) -> !fir.boxchar<1>
+  ! CHECK: fir.call @_QPsub_taking_a_char_array(%[[boxchar]]) : (!fir.boxchar<1>) -> () 
+end subroutine
+
+! TODO more implicit interface cases with/without explicit interface
+