diff --git a/clang/lib/AST/Decl.cpp b/clang/lib/AST/Decl.cpp
--- a/clang/lib/AST/Decl.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/AST/Decl.cpp
@@ -391,11 +391,18 @@
   bool considerVisibility =
     shouldConsiderTemplateVisibility(fn, specInfo);
 
-  // Merge information from the template parameters.
   FunctionTemplateDecl *temp = specInfo->getTemplate();
-  LinkageInfo tempLV =
-    getLVForTemplateParameterList(temp->getTemplateParameters(), computation);
-  LV.mergeMaybeWithVisibility(tempLV, considerVisibility);
+
+  // Merge information from the template declaration.
+  LinkageInfo tempLV = getLVForDecl(temp, computation);
+  // The linkage of the specialization should be consistent with the
+  // template declaration.
+  LV.setLinkage(tempLV.getLinkage());
+
+  // Merge information from the template parameters.
+  LinkageInfo paramsLV =
+      getLVForTemplateParameterList(temp->getTemplateParameters(), computation);
+  LV.mergeMaybeWithVisibility(paramsLV, considerVisibility);
 
   // Merge information from the template arguments.
   const TemplateArgumentList &templateArgs = *specInfo->TemplateArguments;
diff --git a/clang/unittests/AST/DeclTest.cpp b/clang/unittests/AST/DeclTest.cpp
--- a/clang/unittests/AST/DeclTest.cpp
+++ b/clang/unittests/AST/DeclTest.cpp
@@ -171,3 +171,26 @@
       selectFirst<FunctionDecl>("f", match(functionDecl().bind("f"), Ctx));
   EXPECT_TRUE(f->isInExportDeclContext());
 }
+
+TEST(Decl, InConsistLinkageForTemplates) {
+  llvm::Annotations Code(R"(
+    export module m;
+    export template <class T>
+    void f() {}
+
+    template <>
+    void f<int>() {})");
+
+  auto AST =
+      tooling::buildASTFromCodeWithArgs(Code.code(), /*Args=*/{"-std=c++20"});
+  ASTContext &Ctx = AST->getASTContext();
+
+  llvm::SmallVector<ast_matchers::BoundNodes, 2> Funcs =
+      match(functionDecl().bind("f"), Ctx);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(Funcs.size(), 2);
+  const FunctionDecl *TemplateF = Funcs[0].getNodeAs<FunctionDecl>("f");
+  const FunctionDecl *SpecializedF = Funcs[1].getNodeAs<FunctionDecl>("f");
+  EXPECT_EQ(TemplateF->getLinkageInternal(),
+            SpecializedF->getLinkageInternal());
+}