diff --git a/lldb/source/API/SystemInitializerFull.cpp b/lldb/source/API/SystemInitializerFull.cpp
--- a/lldb/source/API/SystemInitializerFull.cpp
+++ b/lldb/source/API/SystemInitializerFull.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "lldb/Utility/Reproducer.h"
 #include "lldb/Utility/Timer.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Signals.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/TargetSelect.h"
 
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
@@ -53,6 +54,12 @@
   if (error)
     return error;
 
+  // On Windows certain functions from Signals.h require that the global state
+  // is initialized. For LLDB driver the initialization happens in the `main`
+  // function via the `llvm::InitLLVM` helper, but for LLDB dynamic library
+  // (liblldb) that doesn't happen.
+  llvm::sys::PrintStackTraceOnErrorSignal(/*Argv0=*/{});
+
   // Initialize LLVM and Clang
   llvm::InitializeAllTargets();
   llvm::InitializeAllAsmPrinters();
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Support/Unix/Signals.inc b/llvm/lib/Support/Unix/Signals.inc
--- a/llvm/lib/Support/Unix/Signals.inc
+++ b/llvm/lib/Support/Unix/Signals.inc
@@ -637,7 +637,10 @@
 /// process, print a stack trace and then exit.
 void llvm::sys::PrintStackTraceOnErrorSignal(StringRef Argv0,
                                              bool DisableCrashReporting) {
-  ::Argv0 = Argv0;
+  // If ::Argv0 is non-empty, then this function has already been called and
+  // there's no need to initialize the error handling again.
+  if (!::Argv0.empty())
+    return;
 
   AddSignalHandler(PrintStackTraceSignalHandler, nullptr);
 
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Support/Windows/Signals.inc b/llvm/lib/Support/Windows/Signals.inc
--- a/llvm/lib/Support/Windows/Signals.inc
+++ b/llvm/lib/Support/Windows/Signals.inc
@@ -504,7 +504,10 @@
 /// process, print a stack trace and then exit.
 void sys::PrintStackTraceOnErrorSignal(StringRef Argv0,
                                        bool DisableCrashReporting) {
-  ::Argv0 = Argv0;
+  // If ::Argv0 is non-empty, then this function has already been called and
+  // there's no need to initialize the error handling again.
+  if (!::Argv0.empty())
+    return;
 
   if (DisableCrashReporting || getenv("LLVM_DISABLE_CRASH_REPORT"))
     Process::PreventCoreFiles();