diff --git a/llvm/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-symbolizer.rst b/llvm/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-symbolizer.rst
--- a/llvm/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-symbolizer.rst
+++ b/llvm/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-symbolizer.rst
@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@
 input or as positional arguments on the command-line, following any "DATA" or
 "CODE" prefix.
 
+Wherever a binary filename is accepted, a Build ID can be provided instead to
+search for the binary. Various cache directories are searched first, followed by
+any DebugInfoD servers configured via the ``DEBUGINFOD_URLS`` environment
+variable. For server lookups to work, the tool needs must have been built with
+``LLVM_ENABLE_CURL`` enabled.
+
+
 :program:`llvm-symbolizer` parses options from the environment variable
 ``LLVM_SYMBOLIZER_OPTS`` after parsing options from the command line.
 ``LLVM_SYMBOLIZER_OPTS`` is primarily useful for supplementing the command-line
diff --git a/llvm/lib/DebugInfo/Symbolize/Symbolize.cpp b/llvm/lib/DebugInfo/Symbolize/Symbolize.cpp
--- a/llvm/lib/DebugInfo/Symbolize/Symbolize.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/DebugInfo/Symbolize/Symbolize.cpp
@@ -508,9 +508,32 @@
     Bin = Pair.first->second.getBinary();
   } else {
     Expected<OwningBinary<Binary>> BinOrErr = createBinary(Path);
-    if (!BinOrErr)
-      return BinOrErr.takeError();
-    Pair.first->second = std::move(BinOrErr.get());
+    if (BinOrErr) {
+      Pair.first->second = std::move(BinOrErr.get());
+    } else {
+      ArrayRef<uint8_t> BuildID;
+
+      // Since this isn't a path to a valid binary, maybe it's a Build ID.
+      std::string Bytes;
+      if (!tryGetFromHex(Path, Bytes))
+        return BinOrErr.takeError();
+      BuildID = ArrayRef<uint8_t>(
+          reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(Bytes.data()), Bytes.size());
+      // There's no fixed size for Build IDs, but if it's fewer than 128 bits,
+      // it's unlikely to be one.
+      if (BuildID.size() < 16)
+        return BinOrErr.takeError();
+
+      std::string PathFromBuildID;
+      if (!findDebugBinary(Opts.DebugFileDirectory, BuildID, PathFromBuildID))
+        return BinOrErr.takeError();
+      Expected<OwningBinary<Binary>> BuildIDBinOrErr =
+          createBinary(PathFromBuildID);
+      if (!BuildIDBinOrErr)
+        return joinErrors(BinOrErr.takeError(), BuildIDBinOrErr.takeError());
+      consumeError(BinOrErr.takeError());
+      Pair.first->second = std::move(BuildIDBinOrErr.get());
+    }
     Bin = Pair.first->second.getBinary();
   }
 
diff --git a/llvm/test/tools/llvm-symbolizer/debuginfod.test b/llvm/test/tools/llvm-symbolizer/debuginfod.test
--- a/llvm/test/tools/llvm-symbolizer/debuginfod.test
+++ b/llvm/test/tools/llvm-symbolizer/debuginfod.test
@@ -25,3 +25,8 @@
 RUN: env DEBUGINFOD_CACHE_PATH=%t llvm-symbolizer \
 RUN:   --obj=%t/addr.exe 0x40054d | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=FOUND
 FOUND: {{[/\]+}}tmp{{[/\]+}}x.c:14:0
+
+# This should also work if the Build ID is provided in lieu of a path.
+RUN: env DEBUGINFOD_CACHE_PATH=%t llvm-symbolizer \
+RUN:   --obj=127da749021c1fc1a58cba734a1f542cbe2b7ce4 0x40054d | \
+RUN:   FileCheck %s --check-prefix=FOUND