diff --git a/mlir/lib/Dialect/Vector/VectorOps.cpp b/mlir/lib/Dialect/Vector/VectorOps.cpp
--- a/mlir/lib/Dialect/Vector/VectorOps.cpp
+++ b/mlir/lib/Dialect/Vector/VectorOps.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "mlir/IR/BlockAndValueMapping.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/Builders.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/BuiltinOps.h"
+#include "mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/DialectImplementation.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/OpImplementation.h"
 #include "mlir/IR/PatternMatch.h"
@@ -2783,8 +2784,35 @@
     if (!extractOp.hasUnitStride())
       return failure();
 
+    // Bail on illegal rank-reduction: we need to check that the rank-reduced
+    // dims are exactly the leading dims. I.e. the following is illegal:
+    // ```
+    //    %0 = tensor.extract_slice %t[0,0,0][2,1,4][1,1,1] :
+    //      tensor<2x1x4xf32> to tensor<2x4xf32>
+    //    %1 = vector.transfer_read %0[0,0], %cst :
+    //      tensor<2x4xf32>, vector<2x4xf32>
+    // ```
+    //
+    // Cannot fold into:
+    // ```
+    //    %0 = vector.transfer_read %t[0,0,0], %cst :
+    //      tensor<2x1x4xf32>, vector<2x4xf32>
+    // ```
+    // For this, check the trailing `vectorRank` dims of the extract_slice
+    // result tensor match the trailing dims of the inferred result tensor.
     int64_t rankReduced =
         extractOp.getSourceType().getRank() - extractOp.getType().getRank();
+    int64_t vectorRank = xferOp.getVectorType().getRank();
+    RankedTensorType inferredDestTensorType =
+        tensor::ExtractSliceOp::inferResultType(
+            extractOp.getSourceType(), extractOp.getMixedOffsets(),
+            extractOp.getMixedSizes(), extractOp.getMixedStrides());
+    auto actualDestTensorShape = extractOp.getType().getShape();
+    if (rankReduced > 0 &&
+        actualDestTensorShape.take_back(vectorRank) !=
+            inferredDestTensorType.getShape().take_back(vectorRank))
+      return failure();
+
     SmallVector<Value> newIndices;
     // In case this is a rank-reducing ExtractSliceOp, copy rank-reduced
     // indices first.
@@ -3168,7 +3196,7 @@
     if (xferOp.mask())
       return failure();
     // Fold only if the TransferWriteOp completely overwrites the `source` with
-    // a vector. I.e., the result of the TransferWriteOp is a new tensor who's
+    // a vector. I.e., the result of the TransferWriteOp is a new tensor whose
     // content is the data of the vector.
     if (!llvm::equal(xferOp.getVectorType().getShape(),
                      xferOp.getShapedType().getShape()))
@@ -3176,6 +3204,35 @@
     if (!xferOp.permutation_map().isIdentity())
       return failure();
 
+    // Bail on illegal rank-reduction: we need to check that the rank-reduced
+    // dims are exactly the leading dims. I.e. the following is illegal:
+    // ```
+    //    %0 = vector.transfer_write %v, %t[0,0], %cst :
+    //      vector<2x4xf32>, tensor<2x4xf32>
+    //    %1 = tensor.insert_slice %0 into %tt[0,0,0][2,1,4][1,1,1] :
+    //      tensor<2x4xf32> into tensor<2x1x4xf32>
+    // ```
+    //
+    // Cannot fold into:
+    // ```
+    //    %0 = vector.transfer_write %v, %t[0,0,0], %cst :
+    //      vector<2x4xf32>, tensor<2x1x4xf32>
+    // ```
+    // For this, check the trailing `vectorRank` dims of the insert_slice result
+    // tensor match the trailing dims of the inferred result tensor.
+    int64_t rankReduced =
+        insertOp.getType().getRank() - insertOp.getSourceType().getRank();
+    int64_t vectorRank = xferOp.getVectorType().getRank();
+    RankedTensorType inferredSourceTensorType =
+        tensor::ExtractSliceOp::inferResultType(
+            insertOp.getType(), insertOp.getMixedOffsets(),
+            insertOp.getMixedSizes(), insertOp.getMixedStrides());
+    auto actualSourceTensorShape = insertOp.getSourceType().getShape();
+    if (rankReduced > 0 &&
+        actualSourceTensorShape.take_back(vectorRank) !=
+            inferredSourceTensorType.getShape().take_back(vectorRank))
+      return failure();
+
     SmallVector<Value> indices = getValueOrCreateConstantIndexOp(
         rewriter, insertOp.getLoc(), insertOp.getMixedOffsets());
     SmallVector<bool> inBounds(xferOp.getTransferRank(), true);
diff --git a/mlir/test/Dialect/Vector/canonicalize.mlir b/mlir/test/Dialect/Vector/canonicalize.mlir
--- a/mlir/test/Dialect/Vector/canonicalize.mlir
+++ b/mlir/test/Dialect/Vector/canonicalize.mlir
@@ -995,6 +995,20 @@
 
 // -----
 
+// CHECK-LABEL: func @transfer_read_of_extract_slice_illegal_rank_reducing(
+//       CHECK:   extract_slice
+//       CHECK:   vector.transfer_read
+func @transfer_read_of_extract_slice_illegal_rank_reducing(%t : tensor<?x?x?xf32>, %s1 : index, %s2 : index) -> vector<5x6xf32> {
+  %c3 = arith.constant 3 : index
+  %c4 = arith.constant 4 : index
+  %cst = arith.constant 0.0 : f32
+  %0 = tensor.extract_slice %t[5, %s1, 6] [%s2, 1, 12] [1, 1, 1] : tensor<?x?x?xf32> to tensor<?x12xf32>
+  %1 = vector.transfer_read %0[%c3, %c4], %cst {in_bounds = [true, true]} : tensor<?x12xf32>, vector<5x6xf32>
+  return %1 : vector<5x6xf32>
+}
+
+// -----
+
 // CHECK-LABEL: func @insert_slice_of_transfer_write(
 //  CHECK-SAME:     %[[t1:.*]]: tensor<?x12xf32>, %[[v:.*]]: vector<5x6xf32>, %[[s:.*]]: index
 //       CHECK:   %[[c3:.*]] = arith.constant 3 : index
@@ -1009,6 +1023,18 @@
 
 // -----
 
+// CHECK-LABEL: func @insert_slice_of_transfer_write_illegal_rank_extending(
+//       CHECK:   vector.transfer_write
+//       CHECK:   insert_slice
+func @insert_slice_of_transfer_write_illegal_rank_extending(%t1 : tensor<?x?x12xf32>, %v : vector<5x6xf32>, %s : index, %t2 : tensor<5x6xf32>) -> tensor<?x?x12xf32> {
+  %c0 = arith.constant 0 : index
+  %0 = vector.transfer_write %v, %t2[%c0, %c0] {in_bounds = [true, true]} : vector<5x6xf32>, tensor<5x6xf32>
+  %1 = tensor.insert_slice %0 into %t1[4, 3, %s] [5, 1, 6] [1, 1, 1] : tensor<5x6xf32> into tensor<?x?x12xf32>
+  return %1 : tensor<?x?x12xf32>
+}
+
+// -----
+
 // CHECK-LABEL: func @insert_slice_of_transfer_write_rank_extending(
 //  CHECK-SAME:     %[[t1:.*]]: tensor<?x?x12xf32>, %[[v:.*]]: vector<5x6xf32>, %[[s:.*]]: index
 //   CHECK-DAG:   %[[c3:.*]] = arith.constant 3 : index