diff --git a/mlir/lib/IR/MLIRContext.cpp b/mlir/lib/IR/MLIRContext.cpp
--- a/mlir/lib/IR/MLIRContext.cpp
+++ b/mlir/lib/IR/MLIRContext.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #include "llvm/Support/RWMutex.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/ThreadPool.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <memory>
 
 #define DEBUG_TYPE "mlircontext"
@@ -1006,6 +1007,44 @@
       });
 }
 
+/// Check whether the arguments passed to the AffineMap::get() are consistent.
+/// This method checks whether the highest index of dimensional identifier
+/// present in result expressions is less than `dimCount` and the highest index
+/// of symbolic identifier present in result expressions is less than
+/// `symbolCount`.
+[[nodiscard]] static bool willBeValidAffineMap(unsigned dimCount,
+                                               unsigned symbolCount,
+                                               ArrayRef<AffineExpr> results) {
+  unsigned numDimensions = 0;
+  unsigned numSymbols = 0;
+  std::function<void(AffineExpr)> calculateDimAndSymbolCount =
+      [&](AffineExpr expr) {
+        if (auto binOpExpr = expr.dyn_cast<AffineBinaryOpExpr>()) {
+          calculateDimAndSymbolCount(binOpExpr.getLHS());
+          calculateDimAndSymbolCount(binOpExpr.getRHS());
+          return;
+        }
+        if (auto dimExpr = expr.dyn_cast<AffineDimExpr>())
+          numDimensions = std::max(numDimensions, 1 + dimExpr.getPosition());
+        if (auto symbolExpr = expr.dyn_cast<AffineSymbolExpr>()) {
+          numSymbols = std::max(numSymbols, 1 + symbolExpr.getPosition());
+        }
+      };
+
+  for (AffineExpr expr : results)
+    calculateDimAndSymbolCount(expr);
+
+  if ((numDimensions > dimCount) || (numSymbols > symbolCount)) {
+    LLVM_DEBUG(
+        llvm::dbgs()
+        << "maximum dimensional identifier position in result expression must "
+           "be less than `dimCount` and maximum symbolic identifier position "
+           "in result expression must be less than `symbolCount`\n");
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 AffineMap AffineMap::get(MLIRContext *context) {
   return getImpl(/*dimCount=*/0, /*symbolCount=*/0, /*results=*/{}, context);
 }
@@ -1017,11 +1056,13 @@
 
 AffineMap AffineMap::get(unsigned dimCount, unsigned symbolCount,
                          AffineExpr result) {
+  assert(willBeValidAffineMap(dimCount, symbolCount, {result}));
   return getImpl(dimCount, symbolCount, {result}, result.getContext());
 }
 
 AffineMap AffineMap::get(unsigned dimCount, unsigned symbolCount,
                          ArrayRef<AffineExpr> results, MLIRContext *context) {
+  assert(willBeValidAffineMap(dimCount, symbolCount, results));
   return getImpl(dimCount, symbolCount, results, context);
 }