diff --git a/mlir/cmake/modules/AddMLIRPython.cmake b/mlir/cmake/modules/AddMLIRPython.cmake
--- a/mlir/cmake/modules/AddMLIRPython.cmake
+++ b/mlir/cmake/modules/AddMLIRPython.cmake
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
   if(NOT ARG_ROOT_DIR)
     set(ARG_ROOT_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}")
   endif()
+  set(_install_destination "src/python/${name}")
 
   # Process the glob.
   set(_glob_sources)
@@ -50,21 +51,44 @@
 
   # We create a custom target to carry properties and dependencies for
   # generated sources.
-  add_custom_target(${name})
+  add_library(${name} INTERFACE)
   set(_file_depends "${ARG_SOURCES}")
   list(TRANSFORM _file_depends PREPEND "${ARG_ROOT_DIR}/")
   set_target_properties(${name} PROPERTIES
-    PYTHON_SOURCES_TYPE pure
-    PYTHON_ROOT_DIR "${ARG_ROOT_DIR}"
-    PYTHON_DEST_PREFIX "${ARG_DEST_PREFIX}"
-    PYTHON_SOURCES "${ARG_SOURCES}"
-    PYTHON_FILE_DEPENDS "${_file_depends}"
-    PYTHON_DEPENDS ""
+    # Yes: Leading-lowercase property names are load bearing and the recommended
+    # way to do this: https://gitlab.kitware.com/cmake/cmake/-/issues/19261
+    # Note that ROOT_DIR and FILE_DEPENDS are not exported because they are
+    # only relevant to in-tree uses.
+    EXPORT_PROPERTIES "mlir_python_SOURCES_TYPE;mlir_python_DEST_PREFIX;mlir_python_DEST_PREFIX;mlir_python_SOURCES;mlir_python_DEPENDS"
+    mlir_python_SOURCES_TYPE pure
+    mlir_python_ROOT_DIR "${ARG_ROOT_DIR}"
+    mlir_python_DEST_PREFIX "${ARG_DEST_PREFIX}"
+    mlir_python_SOURCES "${ARG_SOURCES}"
+    mlir_python_FILE_DEPENDS "${_file_depends}"
+    mlir_python_DEPENDS ""
+  )
+  # Note that an "include" directory has no meaning to such faux targets,
+  # but it is a CMake supported way to specify a directory search list in a
+  # way that works both in-tree and out. It has some super powers which are
+  # not possible to emulate with custom properties (because of the prohibition
+  # on using generator expressions in exported custom properties and the
+  # special dispensation for $<INSTALL_PREFIX>).
+  target_include_directories(${name} INTERFACE
+    "$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${ARG_ROOT_DIR}>"
+    "$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${_install_destination}>"
   )
 
   # Add to parent.
   if(ARG_ADD_TO_PARENT)
-    set_property(TARGET ${ARG_ADD_TO_PARENT} APPEND PROPERTY PYTHON_DEPENDS ${name})
+    set_property(TARGET ${ARG_ADD_TO_PARENT} APPEND PROPERTY mlir_python_DEPENDS ${name})
+  endif()
+
+  # Install.
+  if(NOT LLVM_INSTALL_TOOLCHAIN_ONLY)
+    _mlir_python_install_sources(
+      ${name} "${ARG_ROOT_DIR}" "${_install_destination}"
+      ${ARG_SOURCES}
+    )
   endif()
 endfunction()
 
@@ -72,6 +96,8 @@
 # Declares a buildable python extension from C++ source files. The built
 # module is considered a python source file and included as everything else.
 # Arguments:
+#   ROOT_DIR: Root directory where sources are interpreted relative to.
+#     Defaults to CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR.
 #   MODULE_NAME: Local import name of the module (i.e. "_mlir").
 #   ADD_TO_PARENT: Same as for declare_mlir_python_sources.
 #   SOURCES: C++ sources making up the module.
@@ -84,27 +110,77 @@
 function(declare_mlir_python_extension name)
   cmake_parse_arguments(ARG
     ""
-    "MODULE_NAME;ADD_TO_PARENT"
+    "ROOT_DIR;MODULE_NAME;ADD_TO_PARENT"
     "SOURCES;PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS;EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS"
     ${ARGN})
 
-  add_custom_target(${name})
+  if(NOT ARG_ROOT_DIR)
+    set(ARG_ROOT_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}")
+  endif()
+  set(_install_destination "src/python/${name}")
+
+  add_library(${name} INTERFACE)
   set_target_properties(${name} PROPERTIES
-    PYTHON_SOURCES_TYPE extension
-    PYTHON_EXTENSION_MODULE_NAME "${ARG_MODULE_NAME}"
-    PYTHON_CPP_SOURCES "${ARG_SOURCES}"
-    PYTHON_PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS "${ARG_PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS}"
-    PYTHON_EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS "${ARG_EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS}"
-    PYTHON_FILE_DEPENDS ""
-    PYTHON_DEPENDS ""
+    # Yes: Leading-lowercase property names are load bearing and the recommended
+    # way to do this: https://gitlab.kitware.com/cmake/cmake/-/issues/19261
+    # Note that ROOT_DIR and FILE_DEPENDS are not exported because they are
+    # only relevant to in-tree uses.
+    EXPORT_PROPERTIES "mlir_python_SOURCES_TYPE;mlir_python_EXTENSION_MODULE_NAME;mlir_python_CPP_SOURCES;mlir_python_PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS;mlir_python_EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS;mlir_python_DEPENDS"
+    mlir_python_SOURCES_TYPE extension
+    mlir_python_ROOT_DIR "${ARG_ROOT_DIR}"
+    mlir_python_EXTENSION_MODULE_NAME "${ARG_MODULE_NAME}"
+    mlir_python_CPP_SOURCES "${ARG_SOURCES}"
+    mlir_python_PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS "${ARG_PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS}"
+    mlir_python_EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS "${ARG_EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS}"
+    mlir_python_FILE_DEPENDS ""
+    mlir_python_DEPENDS ""
+  )
+  # Note that an "include" directory has no meaning to such faux targets,
+  # but it is a CMake supported way to specify an install-prefix relative
+  # directory. It has some super powers which are not possible to emulate
+  # with custom properties (because of the prohibition on using generator
+  # expressions in exported custom properties and the special dispensation
+  # for $<INSTALL_PREFIX> and $<INSTALL_INTERFACE>). On imported targets,
+  # this is used as a single value, not as a list, so it must only have one
+  # item in it.
+  target_include_directories(${name} INTERFACE
+    "$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${_install_destination}>"
   )
 
   # Add to parent.
   if(ARG_ADD_TO_PARENT)
-    set_property(TARGET ${ARG_ADD_TO_PARENT} APPEND PROPERTY PYTHON_DEPENDS ${name})
+    set_property(TARGET ${ARG_ADD_TO_PARENT} APPEND PROPERTY mlir_python_DEPENDS ${name})
+  endif()
+
+  # Install.
+  if(NOT LLVM_INSTALL_TOOLCHAIN_ONLY)
+    _mlir_python_install_sources(
+      ${name} "${ARG_ROOT_DIR}" "src/python/${name}"
+      ${ARG_SOURCES}
+    )
   endif()
 endfunction()
 
+function(_mlir_python_install_sources name source_root_dir destination)
+  foreach(source_relative_path ${ARGN})
+    # Transform "a/b/c.py" -> "${install_prefix}/a/b" for installation.
+    get_filename_component(
+      dest_relative_path "${source_relative_path}" DIRECTORY
+      BASE_DIR "${source_root_dir}"
+    )
+    install(
+      FILES "${source_root_dir}/${source_relative_path}"
+      DESTINATION "${destination}/${dest_relative_path}"
+      COMPONENT "${name}"
+    )
+  endforeach()
+  get_target_export_arg(${name} MLIR export_to_mlirtargets UMBRELLA mlir-libraries)
+  install(TARGETS ${name}
+    COMPONENT ${name}
+    ${export_to_mlirtargets}
+  )
+endfunction()
+
 # Function: add_mlir_python_modules
 # Adds python modules to a project, building them from a list of declared
 # source groupings (see declare_mlir_python_sources and
@@ -128,12 +204,26 @@
     ${ARGN})
   # Helper to process an individual target.
   function(_process_target modules_target sources_target)
-    get_target_property(_source_type ${sources_target} PYTHON_SOURCES_TYPE)
+    get_target_property(_source_type ${sources_target} mlir_python_SOURCES_TYPE)
+
+    # The root directory differs based on whether it is IMPORTED (installed
+    # dep).
+    get_target_property(_is_imported ${sources_target} IMPORTED)
+    if(NOT _is_imported)
+      # In-tree.
+      get_target_property(_python_root_dir ${sources_target} mlir_python_ROOT_DIR)
+    else()
+      # Imported.
+      # Note: We only populate a single directory in
+      # INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES, so we can get away with just using it
+      # as a single value.
+      get_target_property(_python_root_dir ${sources_target} INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
+    endif()
+
     if(_source_type STREQUAL "pure")
       # Pure python sources to link into the tree.
-      get_target_property(_python_root_dir ${sources_target} PYTHON_ROOT_DIR)
-      get_target_property(_python_sources ${sources_target} PYTHON_SOURCES)
-      get_target_property(_specified_dest_prefix ${sources_target} PYTHON_DEST_PREFIX)
+      get_target_property(_python_sources ${sources_target} mlir_python_SOURCES)
+      get_target_property(_specified_dest_prefix ${sources_target} mlir_python_DEST_PREFIX)
       foreach(_source_relative_path ${_python_sources})
         set(_dest_relative_path "${_source_relative_path}")
         if(_specified_dest_prefix)
@@ -162,9 +252,11 @@
       endforeach()
     elseif(_source_type STREQUAL "extension")
       # Native CPP extension.
-      get_target_property(_module_name ${sources_target} PYTHON_EXTENSION_MODULE_NAME)
-      get_target_property(_cpp_sources ${sources_target} PYTHON_CPP_SOURCES)
-      get_target_property(_private_link_libs ${sources_target} PYTHON_PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS)
+      get_target_property(_module_name ${sources_target} mlir_python_EXTENSION_MODULE_NAME)
+      get_target_property(_cpp_sources ${sources_target} mlir_python_CPP_SOURCES)
+      get_target_property(_private_link_libs ${sources_target} mlir_python_PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS)
+      # Transform relative source to based on root dir.
+      list(TRANSFORM _cpp_sources PREPEND "${_python_root_dir}/")
       set(_extension_target "${name}.extension.${_module_name}.dso")
       add_mlir_python_extension(${_extension_target} "${_module_name}"
         INSTALL_COMPONENT ${modules_target}
@@ -187,8 +279,10 @@
   # Collect dependencies.
   set(_depends)
   foreach(sources_target ${_flat_targets})
-    get_target_property(_local_depends ${sources_target} PYTHON_FILE_DEPENDS)
-    list(APPEND _depends ${_local_depends})
+    get_target_property(_local_depends ${sources_target} mlir_python_FILE_DEPENDS)
+    if(_local_depends)
+      list(APPEND _depends ${_local_depends})
+    endif()
   endforeach()
 
   # Build the modules target.
@@ -334,7 +428,7 @@
   set(_embed_libs ${ARG_EMBED_LIBS})
   _flatten_mlir_python_targets(_all_source_targets ${ARG_DECLARED_SOURCES})
   foreach(t ${_all_source_targets})
-    get_target_property(_local_embed_libs ${t} PYTHON_EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS)
+    get_target_property(_local_embed_libs ${t} mlir_python_EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS)
     if(_local_embed_libs)
       list(APPEND _embed_libs ${_local_embed_libs})
     endif()
@@ -372,8 +466,8 @@
 function(_flatten_mlir_python_targets output_var)
   set(_flattened)
   foreach(t ${ARGN})
-    get_target_property(_source_type ${t} PYTHON_SOURCES_TYPE)
-    get_target_property(_depends ${t} PYTHON_DEPENDS)
+    get_target_property(_source_type ${t} mlir_python_SOURCES_TYPE)
+    get_target_property(_depends ${t} mlir_python_DEPENDS)
     if(_source_type)
       list(APPEND _flattened "${t}")
       if(_depends)
diff --git a/mlir/cmake/modules/MLIRConfig.cmake.in b/mlir/cmake/modules/MLIRConfig.cmake.in
--- a/mlir/cmake/modules/MLIRConfig.cmake.in
+++ b/mlir/cmake/modules/MLIRConfig.cmake.in
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 set(MLIR_INCLUDE_DIRS "@MLIR_CONFIG_INCLUDE_DIRS@")
 set(MLIR_TABLEGEN_EXE "@MLIR_TABLEGEN_EXE@")
 set(MLIR_INSTALL_AGGREGATE_OBJECTS "@MLIR_INSTALL_AGGREGATE_OBJECTS@")
+set(MLIR_ENABLE_BINDINGS_PYTHON "@MLIR_ENABLE_BINDINGS_PYTHON@")
 
 # For mlir_tablegen()
 set(MLIR_INCLUDE_DIR "@MLIR_INCLUDE_DIR@")
diff --git a/mlir/examples/standalone/CMakeLists.txt b/mlir/examples/standalone/CMakeLists.txt
--- a/mlir/examples/standalone/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/mlir/examples/standalone/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -20,6 +20,12 @@
 include(AddLLVM)
 include(AddMLIR)
 include(HandleLLVMOptions)
+include(MLIRDetectPythonEnv)
+
+if(MLIR_ENABLE_BINDINGS_PYTHON)
+  include(MLIRDetectPythonEnv)
+  mlir_configure_python_dev_packages()
+endif()
 
 include_directories(${LLVM_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 include_directories(${MLIR_INCLUDE_DIRS})
@@ -30,6 +36,10 @@
 
 add_subdirectory(include)
 add_subdirectory(lib)
+if(MLIR_ENABLE_BINDINGS_PYTHON)
+  message(STATUS "Enabling Python API")
+  add_subdirectory(python)
+endif()
 add_subdirectory(test)
 add_subdirectory(standalone-opt)
 add_subdirectory(standalone-translate)
diff --git a/mlir/examples/standalone/include/Standalone/StandaloneOps.td b/mlir/examples/standalone/include/Standalone/StandaloneOps.td
--- a/mlir/examples/standalone/include/Standalone/StandaloneOps.td
+++ b/mlir/examples/standalone/include/Standalone/StandaloneOps.td
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #ifndef STANDALONE_OPS
 #define STANDALONE_OPS
 
-include "StandaloneDialect.td"
+include "Standalone/StandaloneDialect.td"
 include "mlir/Interfaces/SideEffectInterfaces.td"
 
 def Standalone_FooOp : Standalone_Op<"foo", [NoSideEffect,
diff --git a/mlir/examples/standalone/python/CMakeLists.txt b/mlir/examples/standalone/python/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mlir/examples/standalone/python/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+include(AddMLIRPython)
+
+# Specifies that all MLIR packages are co-located under the `mlir_standalone`
+# top level package (the API has been embedded in a relocatable way).
+# TODO: Add an upstream cmake param for this vs having a global here.
+add_compile_definitions("MLIR_PYTHON_PACKAGE_PREFIX=mlir_standalone.")
+
+
+################################################################################
+# Sources
+################################################################################
+
+declare_mlir_python_sources(StandalonePythonSources)
+
+declare_mlir_dialect_python_bindings(
+  ADD_TO_PARENT StandalonePythonSources
+  ROOT_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/mlir_standalone"
+  TD_FILE dialects/StandaloneOps.td
+  SOURCES
+    dialects/standalone.py
+  DIALECT_NAME standalone)
+
+declare_mlir_python_extension(StandalonePythonSources.Extension
+  MODULE_NAME _standaloneDialects
+  ADD_TO_PARENT StandalonePythonSources
+  SOURCES
+    StandaloneExtension.cpp
+  EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS
+    StandaloneCAPI
+)
+
+################################################################################
+# Common CAPI
+################################################################################
+
+add_mlir_python_common_capi_library(StandalonePythonCAPI
+  INSTALL_COMPONENT StandalonePythonModules
+  INSTALL_DESTINATION python_packages/standalone/mlir_standalone/_mlir_libs
+  OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${MLIR_BINARY_DIR}/python_packages/standalone/mlir_standalone/_mlir_libs"
+  RELATIVE_INSTALL_ROOT "../../../.."
+  DECLARED_SOURCES
+    StandalonePythonSources
+    MLIRPythonSources.Core
+)
+
+################################################################################
+# Instantiation of all Python modules
+################################################################################
+
+add_mlir_python_modules(StandalonePythonModules
+  ROOT_PREFIX "${MLIR_BINARY_DIR}/python_packages/standalone/mlir_standalone"
+  INSTALL_PREFIX "python_packages/standalone/mlir_standalone"
+  DECLARED_SOURCES
+    StandalonePythonSources
+    MLIRPythonSources
+  COMMON_CAPI_LINK_LIBS
+    StandalonePythonCAPI
+  )
diff --git a/mlir/examples/standalone/python/StandaloneExtension.cpp b/mlir/examples/standalone/python/StandaloneExtension.cpp
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mlir/examples/standalone/python/StandaloneExtension.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//===- StandaloneExtension.cpp - Extension module -------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "Standalone-c/Dialects.h"
+#include "mlir/Bindings/Python/PybindAdaptors.h"
+
+namespace py = pybind11;
+using namespace mlir::python::adaptors;
+
+PYBIND11_MODULE(_standaloneDialects, m) {
+  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+  // standalone dialect
+  //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+  auto standalone_m = m.def_submodule("standalone");
+
+  standalone_m.def(
+      "register_dialect",
+      [](MlirContext context, bool load) {
+        MlirDialectHandle handle = mlirGetDialectHandle__standalone__();
+        mlirDialectHandleRegisterDialect(handle, context);
+        if (load) {
+          mlirDialectHandleLoadDialect(handle, context);
+        }
+      },
+      py::arg("context") = py::none(), py::arg("load") = true);
+}
diff --git a/mlir/examples/standalone/python/mlir_standalone/dialects/StandaloneOps.td b/mlir/examples/standalone/python/mlir_standalone/dialects/StandaloneOps.td
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mlir/examples/standalone/python/mlir_standalone/dialects/StandaloneOps.td
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//===-- StandaloneOps.td - Python bindings for standalone --*- tablegen -*-===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef PYTHON_BINDINGS_STANDALONE_OPS
+#define PYTHON_BINDINGS_STANDALONE_OPS
+
+include "mlir/Bindings/Python/Attributes.td"
+include "Standalone/StandaloneOps.td"
+
+#endif
diff --git a/mlir/examples/standalone/python/mlir_standalone/dialects/standalone.py b/mlir/examples/standalone/python/mlir_standalone/dialects/standalone.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mlir/examples/standalone/python/mlir_standalone/dialects/standalone.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#  Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+#  See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+#  SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+from ._standalone_ops_gen import *
+from .._mlir_libs._standaloneDialects.standalone import *
diff --git a/mlir/examples/standalone/test/CMakeLists.txt b/mlir/examples/standalone/test/CMakeLists.txt
--- a/mlir/examples/standalone/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/mlir/examples/standalone/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+llvm_canonicalize_cmake_booleans(
+        MLIR_ENABLE_BINDINGS_PYTHON
+)
+
 configure_lit_site_cfg(
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/lit.site.cfg.py.in
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/lit.site.cfg.py
diff --git a/mlir/examples/standalone/test/lit.cfg.py b/mlir/examples/standalone/test/lit.cfg.py
--- a/mlir/examples/standalone/test/lit.cfg.py
+++ b/mlir/examples/standalone/test/lit.cfg.py
@@ -56,7 +56,12 @@
 tools = [
     'standalone-capi-test',
     'standalone-opt',
-    'standalone-translate'
+    'standalone-translate',
+    ToolSubst('%PYTHON', config.python_executable, unresolved='ignore'),
 ]
 
 llvm_config.add_tool_substitutions(tools, tool_dirs)
+
+llvm_config.with_environment('PYTHONPATH', [
+    os.path.join(config.mlir_binary_dir, 'python_packages', 'standalone'),
+], append_path=True)
diff --git a/mlir/examples/standalone/test/lit.site.cfg.py.in b/mlir/examples/standalone/test/lit.site.cfg.py.in
--- a/mlir/examples/standalone/test/lit.site.cfg.py.in
+++ b/mlir/examples/standalone/test/lit.site.cfg.py.in
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@
 config.llvm_shlib_ext = "@SHLIBEXT@"
 config.llvm_exe_ext = "@EXEEXT@"
 config.lit_tools_dir = "@LLVM_LIT_TOOLS_DIR@"
-config.python_executable = "@PYTHON_EXECUTABLE@"
+config.mlir_binary_dir = "@MLIR_BINARY_DIR@"
+config.python_executable = "@Python3_EXECUTABLE@"
+config.enable_bindings_python = @MLIR_ENABLE_BINDINGS_PYTHON@
 config.gold_executable = "@GOLD_EXECUTABLE@"
 config.ld64_executable = "@LD64_EXECUTABLE@"
 config.enable_shared = @ENABLE_SHARED@
diff --git a/mlir/examples/standalone/test/python/lit.local.cfg b/mlir/examples/standalone/test/python/lit.local.cfg
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mlir/examples/standalone/test/python/lit.local.cfg
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+config.suffixes.add('.py')
+
+if not config.enable_bindings_python:
+  config.unsupported = True
diff --git a/mlir/examples/standalone/test/python/smoketest.py b/mlir/examples/standalone/test/python/smoketest.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mlir/examples/standalone/test/python/smoketest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# RUN: %PYTHON %s | FileCheck %s
+
+from mlir_standalone.ir import *
+from mlir_standalone.dialects import (
+  builtin as builtin_d,
+  standalone as standalone_d
+)
+
+with Context():
+  standalone_d.register_dialect()
+  module = Module.parse("""
+    %0 = constant 2 : i32
+    %1 = standalone.foo %0 : i32
+    """)
+  # CHECK: %[[C:.*]] = constant 2 : i32
+  # CHECK: standalone.foo %[[C]] : i32
+  print(str(module))
diff --git a/mlir/python/CMakeLists.txt b/mlir/python/CMakeLists.txt
--- a/mlir/python/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/mlir/python/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -174,18 +174,26 @@
 declare_mlir_python_extension(MLIRPythonExtension.Core
   MODULE_NAME _mlir
   ADD_TO_PARENT MLIRPythonSources.Core
+  ROOT_DIR "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}"
   SOURCES
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/DialectLinalg.cpp  # TODO: Break this out.
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/DialectSparseTensor.cpp  # TODO: Break this out.
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/MainModule.cpp
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/IRAffine.cpp
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/IRAttributes.cpp
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/IRCore.cpp
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/IRInterfaces.cpp
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/IRModule.cpp
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/IRTypes.cpp
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/PybindUtils.cpp
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/Pass.cpp
+    DialectLinalg.cpp  # TODO: Break this out.
+    DialectSparseTensor.cpp  # TODO: Break this out.
+    MainModule.cpp
+    IRAffine.cpp
+    IRAttributes.cpp
+    IRCore.cpp
+    IRInterfaces.cpp
+    IRModule.cpp
+    IRTypes.cpp
+    PybindUtils.cpp
+    Pass.cpp
+
+    # Headers must be included explicitly so they are installed.
+    Dialects.h
+    Globals.h
+    IRModule.h
+    Pass.h
+    PybindUtils.h
   PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS
     LLVMSupport
   EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS
@@ -202,8 +210,9 @@
 
 declare_mlir_python_extension(MLIRPythonExtension.AllPassesRegistration
   MODULE_NAME _mlirAllPassesRegistration
+  ROOT_DIR "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}"
   SOURCES
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/AllPassesRegistration.cpp
+    AllPassesRegistration.cpp
   PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS
     LLVMSupport
   EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS
@@ -214,8 +223,9 @@
 declare_mlir_python_extension(MLIRPythonExtension.AsyncDialectPasses
   MODULE_NAME _mlirAsyncPasses
   ADD_TO_PARENT MLIRPythonSources.Dialects.async_dialect
+  ROOT_DIR "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}"
   SOURCES
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/AsyncPasses.cpp
+    AsyncPasses.cpp
   PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS
     LLVMSupport
   EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS
@@ -225,8 +235,9 @@
 declare_mlir_python_extension(MLIRPythonExtension.Conversions
   MODULE_NAME _mlirConversions
   ADD_TO_PARENT MLIRPythonSources.Passes
+  ROOT_DIR "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}"
   SOURCES
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/Conversions/Conversions.cpp
+    Conversions/Conversions.cpp
   PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS
     LLVMSupport
   EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS
@@ -236,8 +247,9 @@
 declare_mlir_python_extension(MLIRPythonExtension.ExecutionEngine
   MODULE_NAME _mlirExecutionEngine
   ADD_TO_PARENT MLIRPythonSources.ExecutionEngine
+  ROOT_DIR "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}"
   SOURCES
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/ExecutionEngineModule.cpp
+    ExecutionEngineModule.cpp
   PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS
     LLVMSupport
   EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS
@@ -247,8 +259,9 @@
 declare_mlir_python_extension(MLIRPythonExtension.GPUDialectPasses
   MODULE_NAME _mlirGPUPasses
   ADD_TO_PARENT MLIRPythonSources.Dialects.gpu
+  ROOT_DIR "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}"
   SOURCES
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/GPUPasses.cpp
+    GPUPasses.cpp
   PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS
     LLVMSupport
   EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS
@@ -258,8 +271,9 @@
 declare_mlir_python_extension(MLIRPythonExtension.LinalgPasses
   MODULE_NAME _mlirLinalgPasses
   ADD_TO_PARENT MLIRPythonSources.Dialects.linalg
+  ROOT_DIR "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}"
   SOURCES
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/LinalgPasses.cpp
+    LinalgPasses.cpp
   PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS
     LLVMSupport
   EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS
@@ -269,8 +283,9 @@
 declare_mlir_python_extension(MLIRPythonExtension.SparseTensorDialectPasses
   MODULE_NAME _mlirSparseTensorPasses
   ADD_TO_PARENT MLIRPythonSources.Dialects.sparse_tensor
+  ROOT_DIR "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}"
   SOURCES
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/SparseTensorPasses.cpp
+    SparseTensorPasses.cpp
   PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS
     LLVMSupport
   EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS
@@ -280,8 +295,9 @@
 declare_mlir_python_extension(MLIRPythonExtension.Transforms
   MODULE_NAME _mlirTransforms
   ADD_TO_PARENT MLIRPythonSources.Passes
+  ROOT_DIR "${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}"
   SOURCES
-    ${PYTHON_SOURCE_DIR}/Transforms/Transforms.cpp
+    Transforms/Transforms.cpp
   PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS
     LLVMSupport
   EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS
@@ -322,8 +338,9 @@
   declare_mlir_python_extension(MLIRPythonTestSources.PythonTestExtension
     MODULE_NAME _mlirPythonTest
     ADD_TO_PARENT MLIRPythonTestSources.Dialects
+    ROOT_DIR "${MLIR_SOURCE_DIR}/test/python/lib"
     SOURCES
-      ${MLIR_SOURCE_DIR}/test/python/lib/PythonTestModule.cpp
+      PythonTestModule.cpp
     PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS
       LLVMSupport
     EMBED_CAPI_LINK_LIBS
diff --git a/mlir/test/Examples/standalone/test.toy b/mlir/test/Examples/standalone/test.toy
--- a/mlir/test/Examples/standalone/test.toy
+++ b/mlir/test/Examples/standalone/test.toy
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 # RUN: %cmake %mlir_src_root/examples/standalone -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=%host_cxx -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=%host_cc -DLLVM_ENABLE_LIBCXX=%enable_libcxx -DMLIR_DIR=%mlir_cmake_dir ; %cmake --build . --target check-standalone | tee %t | FileCheck %s
 
-# CHECK: Passed: 4
+# Note: The number of checked tests is not important. The command will fail
+# if any fail.
+# CHECK: Passed
 # UNSUPPORTED: windows, android