diff --git a/clang-tools-extra/clangd/TUScheduler.cpp b/clang-tools-extra/clangd/TUScheduler.cpp
--- a/clang-tools-extra/clangd/TUScheduler.cpp
+++ b/clang-tools-extra/clangd/TUScheduler.cpp
@@ -901,15 +901,17 @@
 void PreambleThread::build(Request Req) {
   assert(Req.CI && "Got preamble request with null compiler invocation");
   const ParseInputs &Inputs = Req.Inputs;
+  bool ReusedPreamble = false;
 
   Status.update([&](TUStatus &Status) {
     Status.PreambleActivity = PreambleAction::Building;
   });
-  auto _ = llvm::make_scope_exit([this, &Req] {
+  auto _ = llvm::make_scope_exit([this, &Req, &ReusedPreamble] {
     ASTPeer.updatePreamble(std::move(Req.CI), std::move(Req.Inputs),
                            LatestBuild, std::move(Req.CIDiags),
                            std::move(Req.WantDiags));
-    Callbacks.onPreamblePublished(FileName);
+    if (!ReusedPreamble)
+      Callbacks.onPreamblePublished(FileName);
   });
 
   if (!LatestBuild || Inputs.ForceRebuild) {
@@ -918,6 +920,7 @@
   } else if (isPreambleCompatible(*LatestBuild, Inputs, FileName, *Req.CI)) {
     vlog("Reusing preamble version {0} for version {1} of {2}",
          LatestBuild->Version, Inputs.Version, FileName);
+    ReusedPreamble = true;
     return;
   } else {
     vlog("Rebuilding invalidated preamble for {0} version {1} (previous was "
diff --git a/clang-tools-extra/clangd/unittests/TUSchedulerTests.cpp b/clang-tools-extra/clangd/unittests/TUSchedulerTests.cpp
--- a/clang-tools-extra/clangd/unittests/TUSchedulerTests.cpp
+++ b/clang-tools-extra/clangd/unittests/TUSchedulerTests.cpp
@@ -1165,6 +1165,32 @@
   Ready.notify();
 }
 
+TEST_F(TUSchedulerTests, OnlyPublishWhenPreambleIsBuilt) {
+  struct PreamblePublishCounter : public ParsingCallbacks {
+    PreamblePublishCounter(int &PreamblePublishCount)
+        : PreamblePublishCount(PreamblePublishCount) {}
+    void onPreamblePublished(PathRef File) override { ++PreamblePublishCount; }
+    int &PreamblePublishCount;
+  };
+
+  int PreamblePublishCount = 0;
+  TUScheduler S(CDB, optsForTest(),
+                std::make_unique<PreamblePublishCounter>(PreamblePublishCount));
+
+  Path File = testPath("foo.cpp");
+  S.update(File, getInputs(File, ""), WantDiagnostics::Auto);
+  S.blockUntilIdle(timeoutSeconds(10));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PreamblePublishCount, 1);
+  // Same contents, no publish.
+  S.update(File, getInputs(File, ""), WantDiagnostics::Auto);
+  S.blockUntilIdle(timeoutSeconds(10));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PreamblePublishCount, 1);
+  // New contents, should publish.
+  S.update(File, getInputs(File, "#define FOO"), WantDiagnostics::Auto);
+  S.blockUntilIdle(timeoutSeconds(10));
+  EXPECT_EQ(PreamblePublishCount, 2);
+}
+
 // If a header file is missing from the CDB (or inferred using heuristics), and
 // it's included by another open file, then we parse it using that files flags.
 TEST_F(TUSchedulerTests, IncluderCache) {