diff --git a/clang/test/CodeGen/pseudo-probe-emit.c b/clang/test/CodeGen/pseudo-probe-emit.c
--- a/clang/test/CodeGen/pseudo-probe-emit.c
+++ b/clang/test/CodeGen/pseudo-probe-emit.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -O0 -fno-legacy-pass-manager -fpseudo-probe-for-profiling -debug-info-kind=limited -emit-llvm -o - %s | FileCheck %s
 // RUN: %clang_cc1 -O2 -fno-legacy-pass-manager -fpseudo-probe-for-profiling -debug-info-kind=limited -emit-llvm -o - %s | FileCheck %s
 
 // Check the generation of pseudoprobe intrinsic call
diff --git a/llvm/lib/Passes/PassBuilder.cpp b/llvm/lib/Passes/PassBuilder.cpp
--- a/llvm/lib/Passes/PassBuilder.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Passes/PassBuilder.cpp
@@ -1924,6 +1924,11 @@
 
   ModulePassManager MPM;
 
+  // Place pseudo probe instrumentation as the first pass of the pipeline to
+  // minimize the impact of optimization changes.
+  if (PGOOpt && PGOOpt->PseudoProbeForProfiling)
+    MPM.addPass(SampleProfileProbePass(TM));
+
   if (PGOOpt && (PGOOpt->Action == PGOOptions::IRInstr ||
                  PGOOpt->Action == PGOOptions::IRUse))
     addPGOInstrPassesForO0(