diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaTemplateDeduction.cpp
@@ -5466,6 +5466,9 @@
                                                Deduced.end());
   Sema::InstantiatingTemplate Inst(S, Info.getLocation(), P2, DeducedArgs,
                                    Info);
+  if (Inst.isInvalid())
+    return false;
+
   auto *TST1 = T1->castAs<TemplateSpecializationType>();
   bool AtLeastAsSpecialized;
   S.runWithSufficientStackSpace(Info.getLocation(), [&] {
diff --git a/clang/test/SemaCXX/template-specialization-fatal.cpp b/clang/test/SemaCXX/template-specialization-fatal.cpp
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/test/SemaCXX/template-specialization-fatal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -verify -fsyntax-only %s
+// Verify clang doesn't assert()-fail on template specialization happening after
+// fatal error.
+
+#include "not_found.h" // expected-error {{'not_found.h' file not found}}
+
+template <class A, class B, class = void>
+struct foo {};
+
+template <class A, class B>
+struct foo<A, B, decltype(static_cast<void (*)(B)>(0)(static_cast<A (*)()>(0)()))> {};