diff --git a/llvm/lib/Transforms/IPO/WholeProgramDevirt.cpp b/llvm/lib/Transforms/IPO/WholeProgramDevirt.cpp
--- a/llvm/lib/Transforms/IPO/WholeProgramDevirt.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Transforms/IPO/WholeProgramDevirt.cpp
@@ -94,6 +94,7 @@
 #include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h"
 #include "llvm/Transforms/IPO.h"
 #include "llvm/Transforms/IPO/FunctionAttrs.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/BasicBlockUtils.h"
 #include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Evaluator.h"
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cstddef>
@@ -162,6 +163,14 @@
                       cl::desc("Prevent function(s) from being devirtualized"),
                       cl::Hidden, cl::ZeroOrMore, cl::CommaSeparated);
 
+/// Mechanism to add runtime checking of devirtualization decisions, trapping on
+/// any that are not correct. Useful for debugging undefined behavior leading to
+/// failures with WPD.
+cl::opt<bool>
+    CheckDevirt("wholeprogramdevirt-check", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden,
+                cl::ZeroOrMore,
+                cl::desc("Add code to trap on incorrect devirtualizations"));
+
 namespace {
 struct PatternList {
   std::vector<GlobPattern> Patterns;
@@ -1055,8 +1064,27 @@
       if (RemarksEnabled)
         VCallSite.emitRemark("single-impl",
                              TheFn->stripPointerCasts()->getName(), OREGetter);
-      VCallSite.CB.setCalledOperand(ConstantExpr::getBitCast(
-          TheFn, VCallSite.CB.getCalledOperand()->getType()));
+      auto &CB = VCallSite.CB;
+      IRBuilder<> Builder(&CB);
+      Value *Callee =
+          Builder.CreateBitCast(TheFn, CB.getCalledOperand()->getType());
+
+      // If checking is enabled, add support to compare the virtual function
+      // pointer to the devirtualized target. In case of a mismatch, perform a
+      // debug trap.
+      if (CheckDevirt) {
+        auto *Cond = Builder.CreateICmpNE(CB.getCalledOperand(), Callee);
+        Instruction *ThenTerm =
+            SplitBlockAndInsertIfThen(Cond, &CB, /*Unreachable=*/false);
+        Builder.SetInsertPoint(ThenTerm);
+        Function *TrapFn = Intrinsic::getDeclaration(&M, Intrinsic::debugtrap);
+        auto *CallTrap = Builder.CreateCall(TrapFn);
+        CallTrap->setDebugLoc(CB.getDebugLoc());
+      }
+
+      // Devirtualize.
+      CB.setCalledOperand(Callee);
+
       // This use is no longer unsafe.
       if (VCallSite.NumUnsafeUses)
         --*VCallSite.NumUnsafeUses;
diff --git a/llvm/test/ThinLTO/X86/devirt_check.ll b/llvm/test/ThinLTO/X86/devirt_check.ll
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llvm/test/ThinLTO/X86/devirt_check.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+; REQUIRES: x86-registered-target
+
+; Test that devirtualization option -wholeprogramdevirt-check adds code to check
+; that the devirtualization decision was correct and trap if not.
+
+; The vtables have vcall_visibility metadata with hidden visibility, to enable
+; devirtualization.
+
+; Generate unsplit module with summary for ThinLTO index-based WPD.
+; RUN: opt -thinlto-bc -o %t2.o %s
+; RUN: llvm-lto2 run %t2.o -save-temps -use-new-pm -pass-remarks=. \
+; RUN:	 -wholeprogramdevirt-check \
+; RUN:   -o %t3 \
+; RUN:   -r=%t2.o,test,px \
+; RUN:   -r=%t2.o,_ZN1A1nEi,p \
+; RUN:   -r=%t2.o,_ZN1B1fEi,p \
+; RUN:   -r=%t2.o,_ZTV1B,px 2>&1 | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=REMARK
+; RUN: llvm-dis %t3.1.4.opt.bc -o - | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=CHECK-IR
+
+; REMARK-DAG: single-impl: devirtualized a call to _ZN1A1nEi
+
+target datalayout = "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128"
+target triple = "x86_64-grtev4-linux-gnu"
+
+%struct.A = type { i32 (...)** }
+%struct.B = type { %struct.A }
+
+@_ZTV1B = constant { [4 x i8*] } { [4 x i8*] [i8* null, i8* undef, i8* bitcast (i32 (%struct.B*, i32)* @_ZN1B1fEi to i8*), i8* bitcast (i32 (%struct.A*, i32)* @_ZN1A1nEi to i8*)] }, !type !0, !type !1, !vcall_visibility !5
+
+
+; CHECK-IR-LABEL: define i32 @test
+define i32 @test(%struct.A* %obj, i32 %a) {
+entry:
+  %0 = bitcast %struct.A* %obj to i8***
+  %vtable = load i8**, i8*** %0
+  %1 = bitcast i8** %vtable to i8*
+  %p = call i1 @llvm.type.test(i8* %1, metadata !"_ZTS1A")
+  call void @llvm.assume(i1 %p)
+  %fptrptr = getelementptr i8*, i8** %vtable, i32 1
+  %2 = bitcast i8** %fptrptr to i32 (%struct.A*, i32)**
+  %fptr1 = load i32 (%struct.A*, i32)*, i32 (%struct.A*, i32)** %2, align 8
+
+  ; Check that the call was devirtualized, but preceeded by a check guarding
+  ; a trap if the function pointer doesn't match.
+  ; CHECK-IR:   %.not = icmp eq i32 (%struct.A*, i32)* %fptr1, @_ZN1A1nEi
+  ; CHECK-IR:   br i1 %.not, label %3, label %2
+  ; CHECK-IR: 2:
+  ; CHECK-IR:   tail call void @llvm.debugtrap()
+  ; CHECK-IR:   br label %3
+  ; CHECK-IR: 3:
+  ; CHECK-IR:   tail call i32 @_ZN1A1nEi
+  %call = tail call i32 %fptr1(%struct.A* nonnull %obj, i32 %a)
+
+  ret i32 %call
+}
+; CHECK-IR-LABEL:   ret i32
+; CHECK-IR-LABEL: }
+
+declare i1 @llvm.type.test(i8*, metadata)
+declare void @llvm.assume(i1)
+
+define i32 @_ZN1B1fEi(%struct.B* %this, i32 %a) #0 {
+   ret i32 0;
+}
+
+define i32 @_ZN1A1nEi(%struct.A* %this, i32 %a) #0 {
+   ret i32 0;
+}
+
+; Make sure we don't inline or otherwise optimize out the direct calls.
+attributes #0 = { noinline optnone }
+
+!0 = !{i64 16, !"_ZTS1A"}
+!1 = !{i64 16, !"_ZTS1B"}
+!3 = !{i64 16, !4}
+!4 = distinct !{}
+!5 = !{i64 1}