diff --git a/llvm/lib/Analysis/InstructionSimplify.cpp b/llvm/lib/Analysis/InstructionSimplify.cpp
--- a/llvm/lib/Analysis/InstructionSimplify.cpp
+++ b/llvm/lib/Analysis/InstructionSimplify.cpp
@@ -4270,9 +4270,7 @@
       // doesn't truncate the pointers.
       if (Ops[1]->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits() ==
           Q.DL.getPointerSizeInBits(AS)) {
-        auto PtrToIntOrZero = [GEPTy](Value *P) -> Value * {
-          if (match(P, m_Zero()))
-            return Constant::getNullValue(GEPTy);
+        auto PtrToInt = [GEPTy](Value *P) -> Value * {
           Value *Temp;
           if (match(P, m_PtrToInt(m_Value(Temp))))
             if (Temp->getType() == GEPTy)
@@ -4280,10 +4278,14 @@
           return nullptr;
         };
 
+        // FIXME: The following transforms are only legal if P and V have the
+        // same provenance (PR44403). Check whether getUnderlyingObject() is
+        // the same?
+
         // getelementptr V, (sub P, V) -> P if P points to a type of size 1.
         if (TyAllocSize == 1 &&
             match(Ops[1], m_Sub(m_Value(P), m_PtrToInt(m_Specific(Ops[0])))))
-          if (Value *R = PtrToIntOrZero(P))
+          if (Value *R = PtrToInt(P))
             return R;
 
         // getelementptr V, (ashr (sub P, V), C) -> Q
@@ -4292,7 +4294,7 @@
                   m_AShr(m_Sub(m_Value(P), m_PtrToInt(m_Specific(Ops[0]))),
                          m_ConstantInt(C))) &&
             TyAllocSize == 1ULL << C)
-          if (Value *R = PtrToIntOrZero(P))
+          if (Value *R = PtrToInt(P))
             return R;
 
         // getelementptr V, (sdiv (sub P, V), C) -> Q
@@ -4300,7 +4302,7 @@
         if (match(Ops[1],
                   m_SDiv(m_Sub(m_Value(P), m_PtrToInt(m_Specific(Ops[0]))),
                          m_SpecificInt(TyAllocSize))))
-          if (Value *R = PtrToIntOrZero(P))
+          if (Value *R = PtrToInt(P))
             return R;
       }
     }
@@ -4317,15 +4319,21 @@
           Ops[0]->stripAndAccumulateInBoundsConstantOffsets(Q.DL,
                                                             BasePtrOffset);
 
+      // Avoid creating inttoptr of zero here: While LLVMs treatment of
+      // inttoptr is generally conservative, this particular case is folded to
+      // a null pointer, which will have incorrect provenance.
+
       // gep (gep V, C), (sub 0, V) -> C
       if (match(Ops.back(),
-                m_Sub(m_Zero(), m_PtrToInt(m_Specific(StrippedBasePtr))))) {
+                m_Sub(m_Zero(), m_PtrToInt(m_Specific(StrippedBasePtr)))) &&
+          !BasePtrOffset.isNullValue()) {
         auto *CI = ConstantInt::get(GEPTy->getContext(), BasePtrOffset);
         return ConstantExpr::getIntToPtr(CI, GEPTy);
       }
       // gep (gep V, C), (xor V, -1) -> C-1
       if (match(Ops.back(),
-                m_Xor(m_PtrToInt(m_Specific(StrippedBasePtr)), m_AllOnes()))) {
+                m_Xor(m_PtrToInt(m_Specific(StrippedBasePtr)), m_AllOnes())) &&
+          !BasePtrOffset.isOneValue()) {
         auto *CI = ConstantInt::get(GEPTy->getContext(), BasePtrOffset - 1);
         return ConstantExpr::getIntToPtr(CI, GEPTy);
       }
diff --git a/llvm/test/Transforms/InstSimplify/gep.ll b/llvm/test/Transforms/InstSimplify/gep.ll
--- a/llvm/test/Transforms/InstSimplify/gep.ll
+++ b/llvm/test/Transforms/InstSimplify/gep.ll
@@ -40,9 +40,16 @@
   ret i64* %gep
 }
 
+; The following tests should not be folded to null, because this would
+; lose provenance of the base pointer %b.
+
 define %struct.A* @test4(%struct.A* %b) {
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @test4(
-; CHECK-NEXT:    ret %struct.A* null
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[B_PTR:%.*]] = ptrtoint %struct.A* [[B:%.*]] to i64
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[SUB:%.*]] = sub i64 0, [[B_PTR]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[SDIV:%.*]] = sdiv exact i64 [[SUB]], 7
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[GEP:%.*]] = getelementptr [[STRUCT_A:%.*]], %struct.A* [[B]], i64 [[SDIV]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret %struct.A* [[GEP]]
 ;
   %b_ptr = ptrtoint %struct.A* %b to i64
   %sub = sub i64 0, %b_ptr
@@ -53,7 +60,11 @@
 
 define %struct.A* @test4_inbounds(%struct.A* %b) {
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @test4_inbounds(
-; CHECK-NEXT:    ret %struct.A* null
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[B_PTR:%.*]] = ptrtoint %struct.A* [[B:%.*]] to i64
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[SUB:%.*]] = sub i64 0, [[B_PTR]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[SDIV:%.*]] = sdiv exact i64 [[SUB]], 7
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[GEP:%.*]] = getelementptr inbounds [[STRUCT_A:%.*]], %struct.A* [[B]], i64 [[SDIV]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret %struct.A* [[GEP]]
 ;
   %b_ptr = ptrtoint %struct.A* %b to i64
   %sub = sub i64 0, %b_ptr
@@ -64,7 +75,10 @@
 
 define i8* @test5(i8* %b) {
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @test5(
-; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i8* null
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[B_PTR:%.*]] = ptrtoint i8* [[B:%.*]] to i64
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[SUB:%.*]] = sub i64 0, [[B_PTR]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[GEP:%.*]] = getelementptr i8, i8* [[B]], i64 [[SUB]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i8* [[GEP]]
 ;
   %b_ptr = ptrtoint i8* %b to i64
   %sub = sub i64 0, %b_ptr
@@ -74,7 +88,10 @@
 
 define i8* @test5_inbounds(i8* %b) {
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @test5_inbounds(
-; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i8* null
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[B_PTR:%.*]] = ptrtoint i8* [[B:%.*]] to i64
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[SUB:%.*]] = sub i64 0, [[B_PTR]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[GEP:%.*]] = getelementptr inbounds i8, i8* [[B]], i64 [[SUB]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i8* [[GEP]]
 ;
   %b_ptr = ptrtoint i8* %b to i64
   %sub = sub i64 0, %b_ptr
@@ -84,7 +101,11 @@
 
 define i64* @test6(i64* %b) {
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @test6(
-; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i64* null
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[B_PTR:%.*]] = ptrtoint i64* [[B:%.*]] to i64
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[SUB:%.*]] = sub i64 0, [[B_PTR]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[ASHR:%.*]] = ashr exact i64 [[SUB]], 3
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[GEP:%.*]] = getelementptr i64, i64* [[B]], i64 [[ASHR]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i64* [[GEP]]
 ;
   %b_ptr = ptrtoint i64* %b to i64
   %sub = sub i64 0, %b_ptr
@@ -95,7 +116,11 @@
 
 define i64* @test6_inbounds(i64* %b) {
 ; CHECK-LABEL: @test6_inbounds(
-; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i64* null
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[B_PTR:%.*]] = ptrtoint i64* [[B:%.*]] to i64
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[SUB:%.*]] = sub i64 0, [[B_PTR]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[ASHR:%.*]] = ashr exact i64 [[SUB]], 3
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[GEP:%.*]] = getelementptr inbounds i64, i64* [[B]], i64 [[ASHR]]
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i64* [[GEP]]
 ;
   %b_ptr = ptrtoint i64* %b to i64
   %sub = sub i64 0, %b_ptr