diff --git a/flang/lib/Evaluate/fold-complex.cpp b/flang/lib/Evaluate/fold-complex.cpp
--- a/flang/lib/Evaluate/fold-complex.cpp
+++ b/flang/lib/Evaluate/fold-complex.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
         context, std::move(funcRef), &Scalar<T>::CONJG);
   } else if (name == "cmplx") {
     using Part = typename T::Part;
-    if (args.size() == 1) {
+    if (args.size() == 2) { // CMPLX(X, [KIND])
       if (auto *x{UnwrapExpr<Expr<SomeComplex>>(args[0])}) {
         return Fold(context, ConvertToType<T>(std::move(*x)));
       }
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@
           Expr<T>{ComplexConstructor<KIND>{ToReal<KIND>(context, std::move(re)),
               ToReal<KIND>(context, std::move(im))}});
     }
-    CHECK(args.size() == 2 || args.size() == 3);
+    // CMPLX(X, [Y, KIND])
+    CHECK(args.size() == 3);
     Expr<SomeType> re{std::move(*args[0].value().UnwrapExpr())};
     Expr<SomeType> im{args[1] ? std::move(*args[1].value().UnwrapExpr())
                               : AsGenericExpr(Constant<Part>{Scalar<Part>{}})};
diff --git a/flang/test/Evaluate/folding01.f90 b/flang/test/Evaluate/folding01.f90
--- a/flang/test/Evaluate/folding01.f90
+++ b/flang/test/Evaluate/folding01.f90
@@ -63,6 +63,14 @@
   logical, parameter :: test_ne_i1 =.NOT.(2.NE.2)
   logical, parameter :: test_ne_i2 = -2.NE.2
 
+! Check conversions
+  logical, parameter :: test_cmplx1 = cmplx((1._4, -1._4)).EQ.((1._4, -1._4))
+  logical, parameter :: test_cmplx2 = cmplx((1._4, -1._4), 8).EQ.((1._8, -1._8))
+  logical, parameter :: test_cmplx3 = cmplx(1._4, -1._4).EQ.((1._4, -1._4))
+  logical, parameter :: test_cmplx4 = cmplx(1._4, -1._4, 8).EQ.((1._8, -1._8))
+  logical, parameter :: test_cmplx5 = cmplx(1._4).EQ.((1._4, 0._4))
+  logical, parameter :: test_cmplx6 = cmplx(1._4, kind=8).EQ.((1._8, 0._8))
+
 ! Check integer intrinsic operation folding
   logical, parameter :: test_unaryminus_i = (-(-1)).EQ.1
   logical, parameter :: test_unaryplus_i = (+1).EQ.1