diff --git a/clang-tools-extra/clangd/FindSymbols.cpp b/clang-tools-extra/clangd/FindSymbols.cpp
--- a/clang-tools-extra/clangd/FindSymbols.cpp
+++ b/clang-tools-extra/clangd/FindSymbols.cpp
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
   }
 
 private:
-  enum class VisitKind { No, OnlyDecl, DeclAndChildren };
+  enum class VisitKind { No, OnlyDecl, OnlyChildren, DeclAndChildren };
 
   void traverseDecl(Decl *D, std::vector<DocumentSymbol> &Results) {
     if (auto *Templ = llvm::dyn_cast<TemplateDecl>(D)) {
@@ -196,18 +196,25 @@
       if (auto *TD = Templ->getTemplatedDecl())
         D = TD;
     }
-    auto *ND = llvm::dyn_cast<NamedDecl>(D);
-    if (!ND)
-      return;
-    VisitKind Visit = shouldVisit(ND);
+
+    VisitKind Visit = shouldVisit(D);
     if (Visit == VisitKind::No)
       return;
-    llvm::Optional<DocumentSymbol> Sym = declToSym(AST.getASTContext(), *ND);
+
+    if (Visit == VisitKind::OnlyChildren)
+      return traverseChildren(D, Results);
+
+    auto *ND = llvm::cast<NamedDecl>(D);
+    auto Sym = declToSym(AST.getASTContext(), *ND);
     if (!Sym)
       return;
-    if (Visit == VisitKind::DeclAndChildren)
-      traverseChildren(D, Sym->children);
     Results.push_back(std::move(*Sym));
+
+    if (Visit == VisitKind::OnlyDecl)
+      return;
+
+    assert(Visit == VisitKind::DeclAndChildren && "Unexpected VisitKind");
+    traverseChildren(ND, Results.back().children);
   }
 
   void traverseChildren(Decl *D, std::vector<DocumentSymbol> &Results) {
@@ -218,10 +225,16 @@
       traverseDecl(C, Results);
   }
 
-  VisitKind shouldVisit(NamedDecl *D) {
+  VisitKind shouldVisit(Decl *D) {
     if (D->isImplicit())
       return VisitKind::No;
 
+    if (llvm::isa<LinkageSpecDecl>(D) || llvm::isa<ExportDecl>(D))
+      return VisitKind::OnlyChildren;
+
+    if (!llvm::isa<NamedDecl>(D))
+      return VisitKind::No;
+
     if (auto Func = llvm::dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(D)) {
       // Some functions are implicit template instantiations, those should be
       // ignored.
diff --git a/clang-tools-extra/clangd/unittests/FindSymbolsTests.cpp b/clang-tools-extra/clangd/unittests/FindSymbolsTests.cpp
--- a/clang-tools-extra/clangd/unittests/FindSymbolsTests.cpp
+++ b/clang-tools-extra/clangd/unittests/FindSymbolsTests.cpp
@@ -429,6 +429,40 @@
   EXPECT_THAT(getSymbols(TU.build()), IsEmpty());
 }
 
+TEST(DocumentSymbols, ExternContext) {
+  TestTU TU;
+  TU.Code = R"cpp(
+      extern "C" {
+      void foo();
+      class Foo {};
+      }
+      namespace ns {
+        extern "C" {
+        void bar();
+        class Bar {};
+        }
+      })cpp";
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(getSymbols(TU.build()),
+              ElementsAre(WithName("foo"), WithName("Foo"),
+                          AllOf(WithName("ns"),
+                                Children(WithName("bar"), WithName("Bar")))));
+}
+
+TEST(DocumentSymbols, ExportContext) {
+  TestTU TU;
+  TU.ExtraArgs = {"-std=c++20"};
+  TU.Code = R"cpp(
+      export module test;
+      export {
+      void foo();
+      class Foo {};
+      })cpp";
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(getSymbols(TU.build()),
+              ElementsAre(WithName("foo"), WithName("Foo")));
+}
+
 TEST(DocumentSymbols, NoLocals) {
   TestTU TU;
   TU.Code = R"cpp(